ATMEGA16-16AQ Atmel, ATMEGA16-16AQ Datasheet - Page 76

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATMEGA16-16AQ
• Description: MCU AVR 16K FLASH 16MHZ 44-TQFP
• Manufacturer: Atmel
• Series: AVR® ATmegar

Specifications of ATMEGA16-16AQ

• Core Processor: AVR
• Core Size: 8-Bit
• Speed: 16MHz
• Connectivity: I²C, SPI, UART/USART
• Peripherals: Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
• Number Of I /o: 32
• Program Memory Size: 16KB (8K x 16)
• Program Memory Type: FLASH
• Eeprom Size: 512 x 8
• Ram Size: 1K x 8
• Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd): 4.5 V ~ 5.5 V
• Data Converters: A/D 8x10b
• Oscillator Type: Internal
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 85°C
• Package / Case: 44-TQFP, 44-VQFP
• For Use With: ATSTK600-TQFP44 - STK600 SOCKET/ADAPTER 44-TQFPATSTK500 - PROGRAMMER AVR STARTER KIT
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant

Modes of
Operation
Normal Mode
Clear Timer on
Compare Match (CTC)
Mode
2466T–AVR–07/10
The mode of operation, that is, the behavior of the Timer/Counter and the Output Compare pins,
is defined by the combination of the Waveform Generation mode (WGM01:0) and Compare Out-
put mode (COM01:0) bits. The Compare Output mode bits do not affect the counting sequence,
while the Waveform Generation mode bits do. The COM01:0 bits control whether the PWM out-
put generated should be inverted or not (inverted or non-inverted PWM). For non-PWM modes
the COM01:0 bits control whether the output should be set, cleared, or toggled at a compare
match
For detailed timing information refer to
“Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams” on page
The simplest mode of operation is the normal mode (WGM01:0 = 0). In this mode the counting
direction is always up (incrementing), and no counter clear is performed. The counter simply
overruns when it passes its maximum 8-bit value (TOP = 0xFF) and then restarts from the bot-
tom (0x00). In normal operation the Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (
timer clock cycle as the TCNT0 becomes zero. The
bit, except that it is only set, not cleared. However, combined with the timer overflow interrupt
that automatically clears the
There are no special cases to consider in the normal mode, a new counter value can be written
anytime.
The output compare unit can be used to generate interrupts at some given time. Using the out-
put compare to generate waveforms in Normal mode is not recommended, since this will occupy
too much of the CPU time.
In Clear Timer on Compare or CTC mode (WGM01:0 = 2), the OCR0 Register is used to manip-
ulate the counter resolution. In CTC mode the counter is cleared to zero when the counter value
(TCNT0) matches the OCR0. The OCR0 defines the top value for the counter, hence also its
resolution. This mode allows greater control of the compare match output frequency. It also sim-
plifies the operation of counting external events.
The timing diagram for the CTC mode is shown in
increases until a compare match occurs between TCNT0 and OCR0, and then counter (TCNT0)
is cleared.
Figure 31. CTC Mode, Timing Diagram
An interrupt can be generated each time the counter value reaches the TOP value by using the
OCF0 Flag. If the interrupt is enabled, the interrupt handler routine can be used for updating the
TOP value. However, changing TOP to a value close to BOTTOM when the counter is running
with none or a low prescaler value must be done with care since the CTC mode does not have
TCNTn
OCn
(Toggle)
Period
(See “Compare Match Output Unit” on page
1
TOV
0 Flag, the timer resolution can be increased by software.
2
Figure
81.
3
34,
74.).
TOV
Figure
Figure
0 Flag in this case behaves like a ninth
4
35,
31. The counter value (TCNT0)
Figure 36
TOV
ATmega16(L)
0) will be set in the same
OCn Interrupt Flag Set
and
(COMn1:0 = 1)
Figure 37
in
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