LM2596T-12 National Semiconductor, LM2596T-12 Datasheet - Page 19

IC, STEP-DOWN VOLTAGE REGULATOR, TO220-5

LM2596T-12

Manufacturer Part Number
LM2596T-12
Description
IC, STEP-DOWN VOLTAGE REGULATOR, TO220-5
Manufacturer
National Semiconductor
Datasheet

Specifications of LM2596T-12

Input Voltage
40V
Output Current
3A
Output Voltage
12V
No. Of Outputs
1
No. Of Pins
5
Operating Temperature Range
-40°C To +125°C
Termination Type
Through Hole
Filter Terminals
Through Hole
Rohs Compliant
No
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Contains lead / RoHS non-compliant

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Block Diagram
Application Information
PIN FUNCTIONS
+V
regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be present
at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the
switching currents needed by the regulator.
Ground — Circuit ground.
Output — Internal switch. The voltage at this pin switches
between (+V
cycle of approximately V
sensitive circuitry, the PC board copper area connected to
this pin should be kept to a minimum.
Feedback — Senses the regulated output voltage to com-
plete the feedback loop.
ON /OFF — Allows the switching regulator circuit to be shut
down using logic level signals thus dropping the total input
supply current to approximately 80 µA. Pulling this pin below
a threshold voltage of approximately 1.3V turns the regulator
on, and pulling this pin above 1.3V (up to a maximum of 25V)
shuts the regulator down. If this shutdown feature is not
needed, the ON /OFF pin can be wired to the ground pin or
it can be left open, in either case the regulator will be in the
ON condition.
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
INPUT CAPACITOR
C
needed between the input pin and ground pin. It must be
located near the regulator using short leads. This capacitor
prevents large voltage transients from appearing at the in-
put, and provides the instantaneous current needed each
time the switch turns on.
The important parameters for the Input capacitor are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. Because of the
IN
IN
— A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is
— This is the positive input supply for the IC switching
IN
− V
SAT
) and approximately −0.5V, with a duty
OUT
/V
IN
. To minimize coupling to
FIGURE 12.
19
relatively high RMS currents flowing in a buck regulator’s
input capacitor, this capacitor should be chosen for its RMS
current rating rather than its capacitance or voltage ratings,
although the capacitance value and voltage rating are di-
rectly related to the RMS current rating.
The RMS current rating of a capacitor could be viewed as a
capacitor’s power rating. The RMS current flowing through
the capacitors internal ESR produces power which causes
the internal temperature of the capacitor to rise. The RMS
current rating of a capacitor is determined by the amount of
current required to raise the internal temperature approxi-
mately 10˚C above an ambient temperature of 105˚C. The
ability of the capacitor to dissipate this heat to the surround-
ing air will determine the amount of current the capacitor can
safely sustain. Capacitors that are physically large and have
a large surface area will typically have higher RMS current
ratings. For a given capacitor value, a higher voltage elec-
trolytic capacitor will be physically larger than a lower voltage
capacitor, and thus be able to dissipate more heat to the
surrounding air, and therefore will have a higher RMS cur-
rent rating.
The consequences of operating an electrolytic capacitor
above the RMS current rating is a shortened operating life.
The higher temperature speeds up the evaporation of the
capacitor’s electrolyte, resulting in eventual failure.
Selecting an input capacitor requires consulting the manu-
facturers data sheet for maximum allowable RMS ripple
current. For a maximum ambient temperature of 40˚C, a
general guideline would be to select a capacitor with a ripple
current rating of approximately 50% of the DC load current.
For ambient temperatures up to 70˚C, a current rating of
75% of the DC load current would be a good choice for a
conservative design. The capacitor voltage rating must be at
least 1.25 times greater than the maximum input voltage,
and often a much higher voltage capacitor is needed to
satisfy the RMS current requirements.
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