PIC18F45K22-I/P Microchip Technology Inc., PIC18F45K22-I/P Datasheet - Page 82

• Manufacturer Part Number: PIC18F45K22-I/P
• Description: 40 PDIP .600in TUBE, 32KB, Flash, 1536bytes-RAM, 8-bit Family, nanoWatt XLP
• Manufacturer: Microchip Technology Inc.

Specifications of PIC18F45K22-I/P

• A/d Inputs: 28-Channel, 10-Bit
• Comparators: 2
• Cpu Speed: 16 MIPS
• Eeprom Memory: 256 Bytes
• Input Output: 35
• Interface: I2C/SPI/UART/USART
• Memory Type: Flash
• Number Of Bits: 8
• Package Type: 40-pin PDIP
• Programmable Memory: 32K Bytes
• Ram Size: 1.5K Bytes
• Speed: 64 MHz
• Temperature Range: –40 to 125 °C
• Timers: 3-8-bit, 4-16-bit
• Voltage, Range: 1.8-5.5 V
• Lead Free Status / Rohs Status: RoHS Compliant part Electrostatic Device

PIC18(L)F2X/4XK22
5.3.2
While the use of the BSR with an embedded 8-bit
address allows users to address the entire range of
data memory, it also means that the user must always
ensure that the correct bank is selected. Otherwise,
data may be read from or written to the wrong location.
This can be disastrous if a GPR is the intended target
of an operation, but an SFR is written to instead.
Verifying and/or changing the BSR for each read or
write to data memory can become very inefficient.
To streamline access for the most commonly used data
memory locations, the data memory is configured with
an Access Bank, which allows users to access a
mapped block of memory without specifying a BSR.
The Access Bank consists of the first 96 bytes of mem-
ory (00h-5Fh) in Bank 0 and the last 160 bytes of mem-
ory (60h-FFh) in Block 15. The lower half is known as
the “Access RAM” and is composed of GPRs. This
upper half is also where the device’s SFRs are
mapped. These two areas are mapped contiguously in
the Access Bank and can be addressed in a linear
fashion by an 8-bit address (Figures
The Access Bank is used by core PIC18 instructions
that include the Access RAM bit (the ‘a’ parameter in
the instruction). When ‘a’ is equal to ‘1’, the instruction
uses the BSR and the 8-bit address included in the
opcode for the data memory address. When ‘a’ is ‘0’,
however, the instruction is forced to use the Access
Bank address map; the current value of the BSR is
ignored entirely.
Using this “forced” addressing allows the instruction to
operate on a data address in a single cycle, without
updating the BSR first. For 8-bit addresses of 60h and
above, this means that users can evaluate and operate
on SFRs more efficiently. The Access RAM below 60h
is a good place for data values that the user might need
to access rapidly, such as immediate computational
results or common program variables. Access RAM
also allows for faster and more code efficient context
saving and switching of variables.
The mapping of the Access Bank is slightly different
when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST
Configuration bit = 1). This is discussed in more detail
in
Indexed Literal Offset
DS41412D-page 82
Section 5.5.3 “Mapping the Access Bank in
ACCESS BANK
Mode”.
5-5
through 5-7).
Preliminary
5.3.3
PIC18 devices may have banked memory in the GPR
area. This is data RAM, which is available for use by all
instructions. GPRs start at the bottom of Bank 0
(address 000h) and grow upwards towards the bottom of
the SFR area. GPRs are not initialized by a Power-on
Reset and are unchanged on all other Resets.
5.3.4
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers
used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling
the desired operation of the device. These registers are
implemented as static RAM. SFRs start at the top of
data memory (FFFh) and extend downward to occupy
the top portion of Bank 15 (F38h to FFFh). A list of
these registers is given in
The SFRs can be classified into two sets: those
associated with the “core” device functionality (ALU,
Resets and interrupts) and those related to the
peripheral functions. The Reset and interrupt registers
are described in their respective chapters, while the
ALU’s STATUS register is described later in this
section. Registers related to the operation of a
peripheral feature are described in the chapter for that
peripheral.
The SFRs are typically distributed among the
peripherals whose functions they control. Unused SFR
locations are unimplemented and read as ‘0’s.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
FILE
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
Table 5-1
and
Table
5-2.