LM2574M-12/NOPB National Semiconductor, LM2574M-12/NOPB Datasheet - Page 18

• Manufacturer Part Number: LM2574M-12/NOPB
• Description: IC REG SIMPLE SWITCHER 14-SOIC
• Manufacturer: National Semiconductor
• Series: SIMPLE SWITCHER®r
• Type: Step-Down (Buck)r

Specifications of LM2574M-12/NOPB

• Internal Switch(s): Yes
• Synchronous Rectifier: No
• Number Of Outputs: 1
• Voltage - Output: 12V
• Current - Output: 500mA
• Frequency - Switching: 52kHz
• Voltage - Input: 4 ~ 40 V
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 125°C
• Mounting Type: Surface Mount
• Package / Case: 14-SOIC (7.5mm Width)
• Power - Output: 750mW
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant
• Other names: *LM2574M-12; *LM2574M-12/NOPB; LM2574M-12

www.national.com
Application Hints
pacitor and the amplitude of the inductor ripple current
( I
tion Hints.
The lower capacitor values (100 µF- 330 µF) will allow typi-
cally 50 mV to 150 mV of output ripple voltage, while larger-
value capacitors will reduce the ripple to approximately
20 mV to 50 mV.
Output Ripple Voltage = ( I
To further reduce the output ripple voltage, several standard
electrolytic capacitors may be paralleled, or a higher-grade
capacitor may be used. Such capacitors are often called
“high-frequency,” “low-inductance,” or “low-ESR.” These will
reduce the output ripple to 10 mV or 20 mV. However, when
operating in the continuous mode, reducing the ESR below
0.03
Tantalum capacitors can have a very low ESR, and should
be carefully evaluated if it is the only output capacitor. Be-
cause of their good low temperature characteristics, a tanta-
lum can be used in parallel with aluminum electrolytics, with
the tantalum making up 10% or 20% of the total capacitance.
The capacitor’s ripple current rating at 52 kHz should be at
least 50% higher than the peak-to-peak inductor ripple cur-
rent.
CATCH DIODE
Buck regulators require a diode to provide a return path for
the inductor current when the switch is off. This diode should
be located close to the LM2574 using short leads and short
printed circuit traces.
Because of their fast switching speed and low forward volt-
age drop, Schottky diodes provide the best efficiency, espe-
cially in low output voltage switching regulators (less than
5V). Fast-Recovery, High-Efficiency, or Ultra-Fast Recovery
diodes are also suitable, but some types with an abrupt turn-
off characteristic may cause instability and EMI problems. A
fast-recovery diode with soft recovery characteristics is a
better choice. Standard 60 Hz diodes (e.g., 1N4001 or
1N5400, etc.) are also not suitable. See Figure 9 for Schot-
tky and “soft” fast-recovery diode selection guide.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE AND TRANSIENTS
The output voltage of a switching power supply will contain a
sawtooth ripple voltage at the switcher frequency, typically
about 1% of the output voltage, and may also contain short
voltage spikes at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform.
The output ripple voltage is due mainly to the inductor saw-
tooth ripple current multiplied by the ESR of the output ca-
pacitor. (See the inductor selection in the application hints.)
The voltage spikes are present because of the the fast
switching action of the output switch, and the parasitic induc-
tance of the output filter capacitor. To minimize these voltage
spikes, special low inductance capacitors can be used, and
their lead lengths must be kept short. Wiring inductance,
stray capacitance, as well as the scope probe used to evalu-
ate these transients, all contribute to the amplitude of these
spikes.
An additional small LC filter (20 µH & 100 µF) can be added
to the output (as shown in Figure 16 ) to further reduce the
amount of output ripple and transients. A 10 x reduction in
output ripple voltage and transients is possible with this filter.
IND
). See the section on inductor ripple current in Applica-
can cause instability in the regulator.
IND
(Continued)
) (ESR of C
OUT
)
18
FEEDBACK CONNECTION
The LM2574 (fixed voltage versions) feedback pin must be
wired to the output voltage point of the switching power sup-
ply. When using the adjustable version, physically locate
both output voltage programming resistors near the LM2574
to avoid picking up unwanted noise. Avoid using resistors
greater than 100 k
noise pickup.
ON /OFF INPUT
For normal operation, the ON /OFF pin should be grounded
or driven with a low-level TTL voltage (typically below 1.6V).
To put the regulator into standby mode, drive this pin with a
high-level TTL or CMOS signal. The ON /OFF pin can be
safely pulled up to +V
The ON /OFF pin should not be left open.
GROUNDING
The 8-pin molded DIP and the 14-pin surface mount pack-
age have separate power and signal ground pins. Both
ground pins should be soldered directly to wide printed cir-
cuit board copper traces to assure low inductance connec-
tions and good thermal properties.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
The 8-pin DIP (N) package and the 14-pin Surface Mount
(M) package are molded plastic packages with solid copper
lead frames. The copper lead frame conducts the majority of
the heat from the die, through the leads, to the printed circuit
board copper, which acts as the heat sink. For best thermal
performance, wide copper traces should be used, and all
ground and unused pins should be soldered to generous
amounts of printed circuit board copper, such as a ground
plane. Large areas of copper provide the best transfer of
heat (lower thermal resistance) to the surrounding air, and
even double-sided or multilayer boards provide better heat
paths to the surrounding air. Unless the power levels are
small, using a socket for the 8-pin package is not recom-
mended because of the additional thermal resistance it intro-
duces, and the resultant higher junction temperature.
Because of the 0.5A current rating of the LM2574, the total
package power dissipation for this switcher is quite low,
ranging from approximately 0.1W up to 0.75W under varying
conditions. In a carefully engineered printed circuit board,
both the N and the M package can easily dissipate up to
0.75W, even at ambient temperatures of 60˚C, and still keep
the maximum junction temperature below 125˚C.
A curve displaying thermal resistance vs. pc board area for
the two packages is shown in the Typical Performance Char-
acteristics curves section of this data sheet.
These thermal resistance numbers are approximate, and
there can be many factors that will affect the final thermal re-
sistance. Some of these factors include board size, shape,
thickness, position, location, and board temperature. Other
factors are, the area of printed circuit copper, copper thick-
ness, trace width, multi-layer, single- or double-sided, and
the amount of solder on the board. The effectiveness of the
pc board to dissipate heat also depends on the size, number
and spacing of other components on the board. Further-
more, some of these components, such as the catch diode
and inductor will generate some additional heat. Also, the
thermal resistance decreases as the power level increases
because of the increased air current activity at the higher
power levels, and the lower surface to air resistance coeffi-
cient at higher temperatures.
because of the increased chance of
IN
without a resistor in series with it.