ATMEGA16-16AQ Atmel, ATMEGA16-16AQ Datasheet - Page 158

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATMEGA16-16AQ
• Description: MCU AVR 16K FLASH 16MHZ 44-TQFP
• Manufacturer: Atmel
• Series: AVR® ATmegar

Specifications of ATMEGA16-16AQ

• Core Processor: AVR
• Core Size: 8-Bit
• Speed: 16MHz
• Connectivity: I²C, SPI, UART/USART
• Peripherals: Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
• Number Of I /o: 32
• Program Memory Size: 16KB (8K x 16)
• Program Memory Type: FLASH
• Eeprom Size: 512 x 8
• Ram Size: 1K x 8
• Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd): 4.5 V ~ 5.5 V
• Data Converters: A/D 8x10b
• Oscillator Type: Internal
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 85°C
• Package / Case: 44-TQFP, 44-VQFP
• For Use With: ATSTK600-TQFP44 - STK600 SOCKET/ADAPTER 44-TQFPATSTK500 - PROGRAMMER AVR STARTER KIT
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant

Asynchronous Data
Recovery
2466T–AVR–07/10
figure), to decide if a valid start bit is received. If two or more of these three samples have logical
high levels (the majority wins), the start bit is rejected as a noise spike and the receiver starts
looking for the next high to low-transition. If however, a valid start bit is detected, the clock recov-
ery logic is synchronized and the data recovery can begin. The synchronization process is
repeated for each start bit.
When the receiver clock is synchronized to the start bit, the data recovery can begin. The data
recovery unit uses a state machine that has 16 states for each bit in normal mode and 8 states
for each bit in Double Speed mode.
bit. Each of the samples is given a number that is equal to the state of the recovery unit.
Figure 74. Sampling of Data and Parity Bit
The decision of the logic level of the received bit is taken by doing a majority voting of the logic
value to the three samples in the center of the received bit. The center samples are emphasized
on the figure by having the sample number inside boxes. The majority voting process is done as
follows: If two or all three samples have high levels, the received bit is registered to be a logic 1.
If two or all three samples have low levels, the received bit is registered to be a logic 0. This
majority voting process acts as a low pass filter for the incoming signal on the RxD pin. The
recovery process is then repeated until a complete frame is received. Including the first stop bit.
Note that the receiver only uses the first stop bit of a frame.
Figure 75
the next frame.
Figure 75. Stop Bit Sampling and Next Start Bit Sampling
The same majority voting is done to the stop bit as done for the other bits in the frame. If the stop
bit is registered to have a logic 0 value, the Frame Error (FE) Flag will be set.
A new high to low transition indicating the start bit of a new frame can come right after the last of
the bits used for majority voting. For Normal Speed mode, the first low level sample can be at
point marked (A) in
(C) marks a stop bit of full length. The early start bit detection influences the operational range of
the receiver.
(U2X = 0)
(U2X = 1)
Sample
Sample
(U2X = 0)
(U2X = 1)
Sample
Sample
RxD
RxD
shows the sampling of the stop bit and the earliest possible beginning of the start bit of
Figure
1
1
1
1
2
2
75. For Double Speed mode the first low level must be delayed to (B).
3
2
3
2
4
4
Figure 74
5
3
5
3
6
6
7
4
7
4
shows the sampling of the data bits and the parity
8
8
STOP 1
BIT n
9
5
9
5
10
10
11
0/1
(A)
6
6
12
0/1
13
(B)
0/1
0/1
7
14
ATmega16(L)
15
8
16
(C)
1
1
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