ATMEGA48V_11 ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation], ATMEGA48V_11 Datasheet - Page 73

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATMEGA48V_11
• Description: 8-bit Atmel Microcontroller with 4/8/16K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash
• Manufacturer: ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation]

14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
2545T–AVR–05/11
Toggling the pin
Switching between input and output
Reading the pin value
If PORTxn is written logic one when the pin is configured as an output pin, the port pin is driven
high (one). If PORTxn is written logic zero when the pin is configured as an output pin, the port
pin is driven low (zero).
Writing a logic one to PINxn toggles the value of PORTxn, independent on the value of DDRxn.
Note that the SBI instruction can be used to toggle one single bit in a port.
When switching between tri-state ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) and output high ({DDxn, PORTxn}
= 0b11), an intermediate state with either pull-up enabled {DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01) or output
low ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) must occur. Normally, the pull-up enabled state is fully accept-
able, as a high-impedance environment will not notice the difference between a strong high
driver and a pull-up. If this is not the case, the PUD bit in the MCUCR Register can be set to dis-
able all pull-ups in all ports.
Switching between input with pull-up and output low generates the same problem. The user
must use either the tri-state ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) or the output high state ({DDxn, PORTxn}
= 0b11) as an intermediate step.
Table 14-1
Table 14-1.
Independent of the setting of Data Direction bit DDxn, the port pin can be read through the
PINxn Register bit. As shown in
ing latch constitute a synchronizer. This is needed to avoid metastability if the physical pin
changes value near the edge of the internal clock, but it also introduces a delay.
page 74
value. The maximum and minimum propagation delays are denoted t
respectively.
DDxn
0
0
0
1
1
shows a timing diagram of the synchronization when reading an externally applied pin
PORTxn
summarizes the control signals for the pin value.
0
1
1
0
1
Port pin configurations.
(in MCUCR)
PUD
X
X
X
0
1
Figure 14-2 on page
Output
Output
Input
Input
Input
I/O
Pull-up
Yes
No
No
No
No
72, the PINxn Register bit and the preced-
Comment
Tri-state (Hi-Z)
Pxn will source current if ext. pulled low
Tri-state (Hi-Z)
Output low (sink)
Output high (source)
ATmega48/88/168
pd,max
Figure 14-3 on
and t
pd,min
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