rt9214 Richtek Technology Corporation, rt9214 Datasheet - Page 10

• Manufacturer Part Number: rt9214
• Description: 5v/12v Synchronous Buck Dc-dc Controller
• Manufacturer: Richtek Technology Corporation

The AC impedance of output capacitor at operating
frequency is quite smaller than the load impedance, so
the ripple current (∆I
through output capacitor. The output ripple voltage is
described as:
where ∆V
For electrolytic capacitor application, typically 90 to 95%
of the output voltage ripple is contributed by the ESR of
output capacitor. So Equation (4) could be simplified as:
Users could connect capacitors in parallel to get calculated
ESR.
Input Capacitor
The selection of input capacitor is mainly based on its
maximum ripple current capability. The buck converter
draws pulsewise current from the input capacitor during
the on time of S1 as shown in Figure 1. The RMS value of
ripple current flowing through the input capacitor is
described as:
The input capacitor must be cable of handling this ripple
current. Sometime, for higher efficiency the low ESR
capacitor is necessarily.
PWM Loop Stability
RT9214 is a voltage mode buck converter using the high
gain error amplifier with transconductance (OTA,
Operational Transconductance Amplifier).
The transconductance :
The mid-frequency gain :
10
www.richtek.com
dV
G
RT9214
∆
Irms
GM
∆V
∆V
∆V
=
OUT
V
OUT
dV
OUT
OUT
OUT
dV
=
=
OUT
=
IN
dI
=
I
dVm
OUT
OR
dI
=
=
=
OUT
∆
OUT
∆V
∆I
∆I
I
=
is caused by ESR and ∆V
L
L
L
x rc
GMZ
OR
D(1
Z
×
×
rc
OUT
∆I
+
−
L
OUT
+
L
∆V
D)
) of the inductor current flows mainly
×
C
=
rc
1
OC
O
GMdV
(A)
+
∫
t1
t2
8
1
ic
V
C
IN
OUT
dt
OL
Z
OUT
(1
−
OC
D)T
by capacitance.
S
2
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Z
(see Figure 3 and Figure 4),
Figure 3. A Type 2 error-amplifier with shut network to
Pole and Zero :
We can see the open loop gain and the Figure 3 whole
loop gain in Figure 5.
RT9214 internal compensation loop:
OUT
GM = 0.7ms , R1=75kΩ , C1 = 6.4nF , C2 = 10pF
F
P
is the shut impedance at the output node to ground
=
2
Figure 5. Gain with the Figure 2 circuit
π
100
ground
EA+
EA-
×
GM
A
1
R
1
F
Figure 4. Equivalent circuit
C
Z
Gain = GMR
1000
Frequency (Hz)
2
+
-
;
F
Z
GM
10k
C
R
F
=
1
P
1
1
2
Open Loop, Unloaded Gain
π
100k
Closed Loop, Unloaded Gain
DS9214-02
×
+
1
R
R
B
1
C
O
C
2
1
V
OUT
V
OUT
December 2004