AN31 SILABS [Silicon Laboratories], AN31 Datasheet

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AN31

Manufacturer Part Number
AN31
Description
INDUCTOR DESIGN FOR THE Si41XX SYNTHESIZER FAMILY
Manufacturer
SILABS [Silicon Laboratories]
Datasheet

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I
1. Introduction
Silicon Laboratories’ family of frequency synthesizers
integrates VCOs, loop filters, reference and VCO
dividers, and phase detectors in standard CMOS
technology. Depending on the synthesizer being used,
the frequency of operation may require an external
inductance to establish the desired center frequency of
operation. This may be implemented with either a
printed circuit board (PCB) trace or a discrete “chip”
inductor. This application note provides guidelines for
designing these external inductors to ensure maximum
manufacturing margin for frequency tuning.
2. Determining L
The center frequency for many of Silicon Laboratories’
frequency synthesizers is established using an external
inductor. The value for this inductor is determined by
Equations 1 and 2:
from which
where f
3. Implementing L
Once the required value of external inductance is
determined given the desired center frequency, a choice
must be made regarding the implementation of the
inductor. The two possible implementations are a
discrete “chip” inductor or a printed circuit board trace.
Rev. 1.3 4/06
N D U C T O R
L
f
CEN
EXT
C
L
L
CEN
=
=
PKG
EXT
NOM
---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------ - L
(
2πf
C
= desired center frequency of synthesizer
= nominal tank capacitance from
= package inductance from synthesizer
= external inductance required
CEN
NOM
synthesizer data sheet
data sheet
1
) C
(
2
D
L
1
PKG
NOM
E S I G N F O R T H E
EXT
+
L
EXT
EXT
PKG
)
Copyright © 2006 by Silicon Laboratories
(Equation 1)
(Equation 2)
Si41
3.1. Using a Discrete “Chip” Inductor
If the required value for L
recommended that a discrete “chip” inductor be used.
This inductor should be placed as close as possible to
the device pins as shown in Figure 1.
While close placement will minimize the inductance of
the traces connecting the discrete inductor to the
synthesizer, these traces, nonetheless, contribute to the
total overall inductance.
The total external inductance includes contributions
from both the discrete inductor and the connecting
traces as indicated in Equation 3:
where
Note that the term “J + 0.3” is the effective D dimension
used in the next section. Also, the determination of X is
described in the next section.
The discrete inductor should be selected such that the
Q of the inductor is greater than 40, and the tolerance of
the inductance is ±10% or better.
L
EXT
X X
=
Figure 1. Placement of Discrete
L
S
NOM
L
L
inductor
X = constant of proportionality for MLP
(X
J = dimension shown in Figure 1 (mm)
EXT
NOM
Y N T H E S I Z E R
MLP
+
printed trace
= external inductance
X J
) or TSSOP (X
J
= nominal value of discrete “chip”
(
“Chip” Inductor
synthesizer device pad
+
0.3
)
EXT
is greater than 3 nH, it is
TSSOP
(Equation 3)
F
inductor device pad
) (nH/mm)
AN31
discrete
inductor
A M I L Y
AN31

Related parts for AN31

AN31 Summary of contents

Page 1

... Copyright © 2006 by Silicon Laboratories AN31 greater than 3 nH EXT printed trace discrete inductor J inductor device pad synthesizer device pad “Chip” Inductor (Equation 0.3 = external inductance = nominal value of discrete “chip” TSSOP (X ) (nH/mm) MLP TSSOP AN31 ...

Page 2

... AN31 3.2. Using a Printed Trace Inductor If the required value less than 3 nH EXT recommended that a PCB trace be used as shown in Figure 2. device pad inductor trace Figure 2. Printed Trace Inductor Table 1 lists the dimensions to be used with a micro leadframe package (MLP), and Table 2 lists the dimensions to be used with a thin shrink small outline package (TSSOP) ...

Page 3

... All the registers described in the data sheet should be re-written with normal values for proper closed-loop operation. 3. Calculate the measured center frequency for the synthesizer using Equation 7. . Note that MIN f MEAS where f = measured center frequency MEAS Rev. 1.3 AN31 . Note that MAX MIN MAX (Equation 7) ----------------------------- - = 2 3 ...

Page 4

... AN31 f = measure minimum frequency of operation MIN f = measured maximum frequency of operation MAX 4. Calculate the measured external inductance, L using Equation 8. 1 ---------------------------------------------- - – MEAS PKG 2πf MEAS NOM where L = measured external conductance MEAS f = measured center frequency MEAS C = nominal tank capacitance from NOM ...

Page 5

... During the readback, the function of the AUXOUT pin is to provide the serial data output from the device. Writing to any of the registers described in the data sheet will cause the function of AUXOUT to revert to its previously programmed function. This is illustrated in Figure 4 below. Refer to Table 3 for timing values. Rev. 1.3 AN31 5 ...

Page 6

... AN31 80% 50% 20% t SCLK SENB SDA UXOUT programmed f unc tion OD17 OD16 Parameter Read Operation SCLK to SEN Hold Time Read Operation SEN to SCLK Setup Time SCLK to AUXOUT SEN to AUXOUT 9. Summary Silicon Laboratories’ frequency synthesizers have been designed to provide robust operation over extreme conditions ...

Page 7

... N : OTES Rev. 1.3 AN31 7 ...

Page 8

... AN31 C I ONTACT NFORMATION Silicon Laboratories Inc. 4635 Boston Lane Austin, TX 78735 Tel: 1+(512) 416-8500 Fax: 1+(512) 416-9669 Toll Free: 1+(877) 444-3032 Email: RFinfo@silabs.com Internet: www.silabs.com The information in this document is believed to be accurate in all respects at the time of publication but is subject to change without notice. ...

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