LT1673 LINER [Linear Technology], LT1673 Datasheet - Page 17

• Manufacturer Part Number: LT1673
• Description: Auto-Polarity, Ultralow Voltage Step-Up Converter
• Manufacturer: LINER [Linear Technology]

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
DESIGN EXAMPLE 1
This design example will explain how to calculate the
necessary reservoir capacitor value for V
load applications, such as a wireless sensor/transmitter.
In these types of applications, the load is very small for a
majority of the time (while the circuitry is in a low power
sleep state), with pulses of load current occurring periodi-
cally during a transmit burst.
The reservoir capacitor on V
the transmit pulse; the long sleep time between pulses
allows the LTC3109 to accumulate energy and recharge
the capacitor (either from the input voltage source or the
storage capacitor). A method for calculating the maximum
rate at which the load pulses can occur for a given output
current from the LTC3109 will also be shown.
In this example, V
allowed voltage droop during a transmit pulse is 10%, or
0.33V. The duration of a transmit pulse is 5ms, with a total
average current requirement of 20mA during the pulse.
Given these factors, the minimum required capacitance
on V
Note that this equation neglects the effect of capacitor ESR
on output voltage droop. For ceramic capacitors and low
ESR tantalum capacitors, the ESR will have a negligible
effect at these load currents. However, beware of the voltage
coeffi cient of ceramic capacitors, especially those in small
case sizes. This greatly reduces the effective capacitance
when a DC bias is applied.
A standard value of 330μF could be used for C
this case. Note that the load current is the total current
draw on V
of these outputs must come from V
Current contribution from the capacitor on VSTORE is not
considered, since it may not be able to recharge between
pulses. Also, it is assumed that the harvested charge
current from the LTC3109 is negligible compared to the
magnitude of the load current during the pulse.
C
OUT
OUT
( )
is:
μF
OUT
≥
, V
20mA • 5ms
OUT2
OUT
0.33V
and VLDO, since the current for all
is set to 3.3V, and the maximum
OUT
= 303μF
supports the load during
OUT
during a pulse.
OUT
in pulsed-
OUT
in
To calculate the maximum rate at which load pulses can
occur, you must know how much charge current is avail-
able from the LTC3109 V
source being used. This number is best found empirically,
since there are many factors affecting the effi ciency of the
converter. You must also know what the total load cur-
rent is on V
Note that this must include any losses, such as storage
capacitor leakage.
Let’s assume that the charge current available from the
LTC3109 is 150μA and the total current draw on V
VLDO in the sleep state is 17μA, including capacitor leakage.
We’ll also use the value of 330μF for the V
The maximum transmit rate (neglecting the duration of
the transmit pulse, which is very short compared to the
period) is then given by:
Therefore, in this application example, the circuit can sup-
port a 5ms transmit pulse of 20mA every 0.82 seconds.
It can be seen that for systems that only need to transmit
every few seconds (or minutes or hours), the average
charge current required is extremely small, as long as
the sleep or standby current is low. Even if the available
charge current in the example above was only 21μA, if the
sleep current was only 5μA, it could still transmit a pulse
every seven seconds.
The following formula will allow you to calculate the time
it will take to charge the LDO output capacitor and the
V
the charge current available from the LTC3109 must be
known. For this calculation, it is assumed that the LDO
output capacitor is 2.2μF:
If there was 150μA of charge current available and a 5μA
load on the LDO (when the processor is sleeping), the time
for the LDO to reach regulation would be only 33ms.
OUT
T =
t
LDO
capacitor the fi rst time, from zero volts. Here again,
330μF • 0.33V
150μA – 17μA
=
2.2V • 2.2μF
I
OUT
CHG
during the sleep state (between pulses).
– I
LDO
= 0.82sec or f
OUT
pin given the input voltage
MAX
LTC3109
OUT
= 1.2Hz
capacitor.
OUT
17
3109fa
and