ATMEGA325A-MU Atmel, ATMEGA325A-MU Datasheet - Page 124
![IC MCU AVR 32K FLASH 64VQFN](/photos/12/13/121326/313-64-qfn_sml.jpg)
ATMEGA325A-MU
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA325A-MU
Description
IC MCU AVR 32K FLASH 64VQFN
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Specifications of ATMEGA325A-MU
Core Processor
AVR
Core Size
8-Bit
Speed
20MHz
Connectivity
SPI, UART/USART, USI
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Number Of I /o
54
Program Memory Size
32KB (16K x 16)
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Eeprom Size
1K x 8
Ram Size
2K x 8
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
1.8 V ~ 5.5 V
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Package / Case
64-VFQFN Exposed Pad
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
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15.9.4
124
ATmega165A/165PA/325A/325PA/3250A/3250PA/645A/645P/645
Phase Correct PWM Mode
Using the ICR1 Register for defining TOP works well when using fixed TOP values. By using
ICR1, the OCR1A Register is free to be used for generating a PWM output on OC1A. However,
if the base PWM frequency is actively changed (by changing the TOP value), using the OCR1A
as TOP is clearly a better choice due to its double buffer feature.
In fast PWM mode, the compare units allow generation of PWM waveforms on the OC1x pins.
Setting the COM1x1:0 bits to two will produce a non-inverted PWM and an inverted PWM output
can be generated by setting the COM1x1:0 to three (see
value will only be visible on the port pin if the data direction for the port pin is set as output
(DDR_OC1x). The PWM waveform is generated by setting (or clearing) the OC1x Register at
the compare match between OCR1x and TCNT1, and clearing (or setting) the OC1x Register at
the timer clock cycle the counter is cleared (changes from TOP to BOTTOM).
The PWM frequency for the output can be calculated by the following equation:
The N variable represents the prescaler divider (1, 8, 64, 256, or 1024).
The extreme values for the OCR1x Register represents special cases when generating a PWM
waveform output in the fast PWM mode. If the OCR1x is set equal to BOTTOM (0x0000) the out-
put will be a narrow spike for each TOP+1 timer clock cycle. Setting the OCR1x equal to TOP
will result in a constant high or low output (depending on the polarity of the output set by the
COM1x1:0 bits.)
A frequency (with 50% duty cycle) waveform output in fast PWM mode can be achieved by set-
ting OC1A to toggle its logical level on each compare match (COM1A1:0 = 1). This applies only
if OCR1A is used to define the TOP value (WGM1[3:0] = 15). The waveform generated will have
a maximum frequency of f
similar to the OC1A toggle in CTC mode, except the double buffer feature of the Output Com-
pare unit is enabled in the fast PWM mode.
The phase correct Pulse Width Modulation or phase correct PWM mode (WGM13:0 = 1, 2, 3,
10, or 11) provides a high resolution phase correct PWM waveform generation option. The
phase correct PWM mode is, like the phase and frequency correct PWM mode, based on a dual-
slope operation. The counter counts repeatedly from BOTTOM (0x0000) to TOP and then from
TOP to BOTTOM. In non-inverting Compare Output mode, the Output Compare (OC1x) is
cleared on the compare match between TCNT1 and OCR1x while upcounting, and set on the
compare match while down counting. In inverting Output Compare mode, the operation is
inverted. The dual-slope operation has lower maximum operation frequency than single slope
operation. However, due to the symmetric feature of the dual-slope PWM modes, these modes
are preferred for motor control applications.
The PWM resolution for the phase correct PWM mode can be fixed to 8-, 9-, or 10-bit, or defined
by either ICR1 or OCR1A. The minimum resolution allowed is 2-bit (ICR1 or OCR1A set to
0x0003), and the maximum resolution is 16-bit (ICR1 or OCR1A set to MAX). The PWM resolu-
tion in bits can be calculated by using the following equation:
In phase correct PWM mode the counter is incremented until the counter value matches either
one of the fixed values 0x00FF, 0x01FF, or 0x03FF (WGM13:0 = 1, 2, or 3), the value in ICR1
(WGM13:0 = 10), or the value in OCR1A (WGM13:0 = 11). The counter has then reached the
OC
1
A
= f
f
clk_I/O
OCnxPWM
R
PCPWM
/2 when OCR1A is set to zero (0x0000). This feature is
=
=
log
---------------------------------- -
---------------------------------- -
N
⋅
(
log
(
f
TOP
clk_I/O
1
+
2 ( )
TOP
+
Table on page
1
)
)
130). The actual OC1x
8285B–AVR–03/11
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