TEA6843HL NXP Semiconductors, TEA6843HL Datasheet

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TEA6843HL

Manufacturer Part Number
TEA6843HL
Description
Manufacturer
NXP Semiconductors
Datasheet

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Part Number
Manufacturer
Quantity
Price
Part Number:
TEA6843HL
Manufacturer:
PHILIPS/飞利浦
Quantity:
20 000
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
DATA SHEET
TEA6843HL
New In Car Entertainment (NICE)
extended car radio
Product specification
2003 Dec 19

Related parts for TEA6843HL

TEA6843HL Summary of contents

Page 1

... DATA SHEET TEA6843HL New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio Product specification INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 2003 Dec 19 ...

Page 2

... TEST AND APPLICATION INFORMATION 14 INTERNAL CIRCUITRY 15 PACKAGE OUTLINE 16 SOLDERING 16.1 Introduction to soldering surface mount packages 16.2 Reflow soldering 16.3 Wave soldering 16.4 Manual soldering 16.5 Suitability of surface mount IC packages for wave and reflow soldering methods 17 DATA SHEET STATUS 18 DEFINITIONS 19 DISCLAIMERS 20 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I 2 Product specification TEA6843HL 2 C COMPONENTS ...

Page 3

... Several test modes available for fast IC and system tests. 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The TEA6843HL is a single IC with car radio tuner for AM, FM and Weather Band (WB) intended for microcontroller tuning with the I AM double conversion receiver for LW, MW and SW ( and 49 m bands) with IF1 = 10.7 MHz and ...

Page 4

... AM mode; data byte 5: 39 bit TMS3 = 1 4.75 FM mode; data byte 5: 6.5 bit bit mode; data byte 5: 12.7 bit bit 4.75 FM mode 18 AM mode 18 LW 0.144 MW 0.522 SW 5.85 65 162 Product specification TEA6843HL TYP. MAX. UNIT 8 5.25 V 9.3 11.2 mA 17 ...

Page 5

... V DDD VCOGND OSCTNK AFSAMPLE TRDSMUTE SEQUENTIAL AM VCO CIRCUIT FOR DETECTOR RDS UPDATING 10.25 MHz 2 I C-bus AM IF2 TEA6843HL AM IF AGC PEAK/ BLANK AM AVERAGE PULSE LEVEL LIMITER/ AM MIXER 2 IFAMP 1 IFAMP offset FMLIMIN ...

Page 6

... FM front-end AGC DAAOUT 38 output of digital auto alignment circuit for antenna tank circuit DAATD 39 temperature compensation diode for digital auto alignment circuit for antenna tank circuit DAAIN 40 input of digital auto alignment circuit for antenna tank circuit 2003 Dec 19 DESCRIPTION 6 Product specification TEA6843HL ...

Page 7

... TMUTE 75 time constant for mute control voltage IREF 76 reference current for power supply AMMIX2OUT1 77 AM mixer 2 output 1 (450 kHz) AMMIX2OUT2 78 AM mixer 2 output 2 (450 kHz AGC capacitor AGC n.c. 80 not connected 2003 Dec 19 DESCRIPTION 7 Product specification TEA6843HL 2 C-bus) ...

Page 8

... C offset 9 IMUTEREF 10 IFAMP2DEC 11 IFAMP1OUT 12 n.c. 13 IFAMP1IN 14 n. DDA1 16 IFAMP1DEC 17 MIX1OUT1 18 MIX1OUT2 19 V DDA2 20 2003 Dec 19 TEA6843HL Fig.2 Pin configuration. 8 Product specification TEA6843HL 60 n.c. V DDA5 59 58 FMMPX 57 RDSMPX 56 AMAFIF2 55 TRDSMUTE 54 AFHOLD 53 AFSAMPLE 52 n.c. V DDA4 51 50 OSCTNK 49 OSCFDB 48 VCOGND 47 DGND 46 V DDD ...

Page 9

... Frequency (AF) or the corresponding AM IF2 signal. The IF2 signal can be used for AM stereo decoder processing. 7.3.4 AM SOFT MUTE The AM detector output is either not muted or signal strength dependent soft muted audio. The soft mute function can be switched off via the I 9 Product specification TEA6843HL 2 C-bus to 2 C-bus. 2 C-bus. ...

Page 10

... The test mode is intended for IC test during IC and radio manufacturing. In test mode the settling time of the AM IF2 AGC is reduced to less than 100 ms in the nominal application. PARAMETER PARAMETER 10 Product specification TEA6843HL Buffer output for weather band flag Test mode CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. 0.3 +10 ...

Page 11

... AMMIX2OUT1 I bias current of AM mixer 2 output 2 AMMIX2OUT2 2003 Dec DDA5 DDD PARAMETER CONDITIONS data byte 5: bit TMS3 = 1 data byte 5: bit TMS3 = 1 11 Product specification TEA6843HL = 25 C; unless otherwise specified. amb MIN. TYP 8.5 9 4.75 5 5.25 4.75 5 5.25 18 ...

Page 12

... XTAL1 XTAL2 f = 20.5 MHz (10.25 MHz); osc kHz FM mode standard, East Europe and local weather band (WX) AM mode LW and Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP 100 = 25 C; see Figs 14 and 15; unless otherwise amb MIN. TYP. 151.2 101 ...

Page 13

... FM standard mode; f > f divider ratio VCO ref 0.4 V < V < 7.6 V; data tune byte 4: bit bit bit standard mode; f < f divider ratio VCO ref 13 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT 1 205 410 820 1025 2050 300 A 300 ...

Page 14

... DAAIN 0.2 to 8.25 V; DAAOUT C = 270 pF L data byte 3 = 10101011; FM mode DAAIN V = 0.45 V; DAATD f = 100 Hz; ripple V = 100 mV DDA3(ripple) V < mode DAAOUT 14 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX. 10 +10 0 8.5 0.5 8 8.5 0.3 1.7 6.2 6.5 6.8 30 100 8 +8 0.5V V 1.5V LSB LSB LSB V +V LSB ...

Page 15

... AM mode period = 2 ms 450 kHz; IF2 V = 200 V (RMS) AMIF2IN period = 20 ms 450 kHz; IF2 V = 200 V (RMS) AMIF2IN f = 20.5 MHz osc Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX 300 +300 100 30 100 92 214 152 92 50 100 ...

Page 16

... AGC start level mode compression point of AM mixer 1 output (peak-to-peak value) band limited noise 750 ; R = 2.8 k gen L 16 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX. 1 375 500 625 750 280 380 500 ...

Page 17

... 2 mode 1 dB compression point of AM mixer 2 output (peak-to-peak value 330 ; gen 8.5 V DDA1 300 kHz Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX 135 138 170 4.5 7.1 4.8 6 7.2 270 330 390 5 7 2.4 2.8 3.2 1.1 1.4 15 ...

Page 18

... Hz; ripple V = 100 mV (RMS) DDA5(ripple 0. 400 Hz; mod B = 2.5 kHz source 18 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX. 16 19.5 3.6 4.5 5 4.1 4.3 4.7 89 1.8 2 2.2 ...

Page 19

... Hz; V ripple level --------------- - V = 100 mV (RMS) DDA6(ripple) V DDA6 V = 200 mV; V pulse level V = 200 mV; V pulse level mV; V < 1.8 V pulse level TRDSMUTE 19 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. 0.5 1 1.25 1.75 1000 800 1200 0 0.1 0.35 2 800 1000 55 75 200 300 40 4.4 4.75 6 7.5 < 1.8 V 1000 > ...

Page 20

... V; data byte 4: IFMAGC bit bit bit (FM local) data byte 5: bit bit bit compression point of FM mixer output voltage (peak-to-peak value 200 ; R = 2.8 k gen L 20 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX. 2.1 2.45 2. 3.8 4.1 4 ...

Page 21

... X010X110 162.475 MHz; RFwanted f = 183.875 MHz; RFimage weather band mode R = 330 ; V L IFAMP1IN 1 dB compression point of IF amplifier 1 output voltage (peak value 330 ; R = 330 gen L 21 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. 4 6.5 7.1 2.7 3.1 8 180 240 116 119 25 30 ...

Page 22

... IF amplifier 2 output voltage (peak value 330 ; R = 330 gen dB 165 AF gen f = 22.5 kHz kHz; mod de-emphasis = 165 ; gen (S+N)/ (S+N)/ Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX. 270 330 390 5 7 1.2 1.5 270 330 390 5 7 6.5 8.5 10 127 130 ...

Page 23

... FMLIMIN data byte 4 = X010X110 1.5 kHz kHz; mod FMLIMIN weather band mode f = 22.5 kHz kHz; mod de-emphasis = FMLIMIN 23 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX 180 230 280 70 73 0.4 ...

Page 24

... XX001100 data byte 7 = XX010100 data byte 7 = XX011100 data byte 7 = XX100100 data byte 7 = XX101100 data byte 7 = XX110100 data byte 7 = XX111100 mV; FMLIMIN V = 300 mV; TMUTE data byte 7 = XXXXX111 V notmuted 24 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. 0.4 0. kHz 100 500 20 50 ...

Page 25

... data byte 3: bit mute after first bus transmission with data byte 1: bit (start of RDS update 0 RDS update in progress 0 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. 0 200 2.5 3.5 4.5 3 300 450 400 550 450 630 520 ...

Page 26

... 300 mV FMLIMIN standard setting of level slope FMLIMIN FMLIMIN mV; standard FMLIMIN setting of DAA f = 100 Hz; ripple V = 100 mV (RMS) DDA1(ripple) 26 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP. MAX 0 0.240 1 25 500 90 120 150 150 120 0.1 ...

Page 27

... I ext 3. The AM AGC transconductance buffer delivers a sink current which is proportional to the voltage at pin T1AMAGC. 2003 Dec 19 CONDITIONS WBSW PIN 0.75 = --------- - + DAAOUT 128 27 Product specification TEA6843HL MIN. TYP 5.1 6 1000 – DAAIN DAATD ...

Page 28

... Level detector output voltage for standard setting of level DAA. (6) THD of AM audio output voltage 0.8; f mod = 1 kHz. 2003 Dec 19 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( Fig.3 AM detector and level output. 28 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC360 AMIF2IN (mV level (V) 7 THD (%) ...

Page 29

... Dec 19 (1) (2) ( Fig.4 AM level voltage. TEA6843HL 4.7 nF 100 100 V IFAMP1IN V pulse 8.5 V Fig.5 Test circuit for AM noise blanker. 29 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC361 AMIF2IN (mV level XTAL2 8.5 V oscilloscope, counter MHC484 V IFAMP1IN ...

Page 30

... V level ( (1) Level DAA setting byte 6 = FFH. (2) Level DAA setting byte 6 = 84H (standard setting). (3) Level DAA setting byte 6 = 00H. 2003 Dec 19 (1) (2) ( Fig.6 FM level voltage. 30 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC363 IFAMP2IN-IMUTEREF (mV ...

Page 31

... Level voltage for standard setting of level DAA; data byte 6 = 84H. (6) THD of FMMPX and RDSMPX 22.5 kHz; f mod = 1 kHz. Fig.7 (S+N)/N, THD and level voltage for FM mode as a function of FM demodulator input voltage. 2003 Dec 19 (5) ( Product specification TEA6843HL MHC364 FMLIMIN (mV level (V) 8 THD ...

Page 32

... Mute slope adjustment range, mute start = 100 and V 2003 Dec 19 0 (1) (2) V FMMPX (3) (dB) (4) (5) ( 0.4 0 mV. FMLIMIN Fig.8 Adjustment of soft mute start. 0 (1) (2) V FMMPX (3) (dB) (4) 20 (5) (6) ( 0.3 0 mV. FMLIMIN Fig.9 Adjustment of soft mute slope. 32 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC366 1.2 1.6 V TMUTE (V) MHC365 0.9 1.2 V TMUTE (V) ...

Page 33

... main channel < 0 extends the mute period. 3 Fig.10 Inaudible RDS update timing diagram continuous mode quality test 1 Fig.11 Preset mode timing diagram. 33 Product specification TEA6843HL (ms) MHC368 (ms) MHC369 1 0 ...

Page 34

... To select an FM frequency, two I necessary: First: bit MUTE = 1 Second: bit MUTE = 0. 12.1.4 No default settings at power-on reset. One I transmission is required to program the IC. IC ADDRESS ( Product specification TEA6843HL BUS PULL UP RESISTORS 2 C-bus buffer interface of the TEA688x F REQUENCY SETTING 2 C-bus transmissions are ...

Page 35

... S = START condition acknowledge. Table 3 IC address byte 1 1 Notes 1. Defined by address pin FREF 1st IC address 2nd IC address. 2. Read or write mode write operation to TEA6843HL read operation from TEA6843HL. 12.2 RITE MODE DATA BYTE Table 4 Format of data byte 1 BIT 7 BIT 6 ...

Page 36

... BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 DAA5 DAA4 DAA3 4 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 RFS1 RFS0 IFPR RFS1 Product specification TEA6843HL BIT 2 BIT 1 DAA2 DAA1 DESCRIPTION BIT 2 BIT 1 BND1 BND0 DESCRIPTION RFS0 BIT 0 DAA0 BIT 0 AMFM f (kHz) ...

Page 37

... AM mono; N2 divider set to 5 (SW stereo; N2 divider set to 5 (SW mono; N2 divider set to 10 (LW, MW stereo; N2 divider set to 10 (LW, MW) 5 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 WBA0 AMSM TMS3 37 Product specification TEA6843HL SELECTION SELECTION BIT 2 BIT 1 TMS2 TMS1 DESCRIPTION BIT 0 TMS0 ...

Page 38

... PLL synthesizer reference frequency 1 not used (no output) 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 LST2 LST1 LST0 LST2 LST1 LST0 Product specification TEA6843HL (mV) 375 500 625 750 (mV OUTPUT AT PIN FREF BIT 2 BIT 1 LSL2 LSL1 DESCRIPTION SETTING OF LEVEL DAA SLOPE LSL2 ...

Page 39

... IF counter result. These bits contain the last eight bits of the IF counter result. 2003 Dec 19 7 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 MS2 MS1 MS0 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 IFC5 IFC4 IFC3 39 Product specification TEA6843HL BIT 2 BIT 1 MD2 MD1 DESCRIPTION BIT 2 BIT 1 IFC2 IFC1 DESCRIPTION BIT 0 MD0 BIT 0 IFC0 ...

Page 40

... TUNING SYSTEM AM 10.25 MHz WX TEA6843HL N1 FM ÷ 2 I/Q MIXER 90 AM-NOISE PEAK/ 90 DETECTOR AVERAGE N2 ÷ 5/10 IFAMP 1 AM MIXER SFE10.7 L1 MS3 Product specification TEA6843HL mhc479 ...

Page 41

... IF1GND 100 100 100 SFE10.7 SFE10.7 MS3 MS3 SFR450F Fig.13 Application diagram (continued from Fig.12). 41 Product specification TEA6843HL 8 analog 3.3 3 100 nF 100 POWER SUPPLY C-bus SDA 2 I ...

Page 42

... SFE10 MS3 100 nF 100 nF 330 52 IF output input Product specification TEA6843HL 3.3 H DGND 100 10.25 MHz G H TEA6843HL I J PEAK IFAMP 304 2 IF mhc481 ...

Page 43

... F nF SFE10.7 MS3 100 nF 100 nF 304 330 IF2 limiter output input Fig.15 Test circuit (continued from Fig.14). 43 TEA6843HL 100 C-bus 63 SDA interface 64 SCL DGND IF2GND ...

Page 44

... FM image rejection L6 FM input transformer crystal 20.5 MHz 2003 Dec 19 TYPE 270 pF; type NP0 P7 PSG P826RC 5134N=S P7PSGAE-5078D=S 392BC-1977Z E543SNAS-02010 611SNS-1066Y 369INS-3076X LQN LQN Air coil TQX6238 44 Product specification TEA6843HL MANUFACTURER TOKO TOKO TOKO TOKO TOKO TOKO MURATA MURATA Tele Quarz ...

Page 45

... MAX. 3 3.5 2.5 3 3.5 2.5 2.7 3.2 floating 7.9 3.4 4.75 5.25 8 2.7 3.2 floating external 0 3.4 3.8 2.7 3 external biased (ground) 3.4 3.8 2.7 7.9 3.6 2.8 3.2 2.3 external 8.5 2.8 3.2 2.3 external 8.5 external 8.5 external 8.5 2.85 3.2 floating floating 2.8 4.6 0 (no WX) 2.8 3.1 floating external biased 3.1 3.4 6.5 1.3 1.6 2.3 external 0 1.3 1.6 2.3 4 (WB) (FM) 1.5 (external biasing) 8 8.3 3.6 1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 8 Product specification TEA6843HL FM MIN. TYP. 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.9 4.4 8.4 3.1 3.5 3.5 4 3.1 3.5 4 4.4 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.1 0.3 (no WX) 0.5 (no WX) 7.1 7.9 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.3 4.5 (WB) 5 (WB) <0.5 (FM) (FM) 4 (external biasing) 4.2 4.6 7 8.25 1.5 8.5 MAX. ...

Page 46

... Product specification TEA6843HL FM MIN. TYP. 8.5 8.5 3.4 3.7 2.8 3 0.2 0.5 1.2 (muted) 1.7 (muted) 3.1 3.3 3 5.2 5 5.2 4.1 4.6 4.1 4.6 3.4 4.1 7 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.5 5 4.25 4.5 4.5 5 MAX. ...

Page 47

... New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio 14 INTERNAL CIRCUITRY Table 29 Equivalent pin circuits PIN SYMBOL 1 FMLIMDEC 2 FMLIMIN 3 AMIF2DEC 6 AMIF2IN 4 IFAMP2OUT 5 AMNBHOLD 7 IF1GND 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MHC374 500 MHC375 330 4 MHC376 MHC377 47 Product specification TEA6843HL ...

Page 48

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 8 IFAMP2IN 11 IFAMP2DEC 9 C offset 10 IMUTEREF 12 IFAMP1OUT 13 n.c. 14 IFAMP1IN 17 IFAMP1DEC 15 n.c. 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 330 11 330 MHC379 10 MHC380 330 12 MHC381 330 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC378 59 MHC483 ...

Page 49

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 16 V DDA1 18 MIX1OUT1 19 MIX1OUT2 20 V DDA2 21 n.c. 22 AMMIX1IN2 23 AMMIX1IN1 24 n.c. 25 n.c. 26 T1AMAGC 27 T2AMAGC 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 18 19 400 MHC386 200 27 MHC387 49 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC383 MHC385 ...

Page 50

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 28 IAMAGC 29 V ref(FMMIX) 30 FMMIXIN1 33 FMMIXIN2 31 RFGND 32 n.c. 34 WBSW 35 IFMAGC 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 28 MHC388 29 MHC389 200 MHC391 35 MHC392 50 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC390 ...

Page 51

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 36 T2FMAGC 37 T1FMAGC 38 DAAOUT 39 DAATD 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MHC393 MHC394 MHC395 39 MHC396 51 Product specification TEA6843HL ...

Page 52

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 40 DAAIN 41 n. tune 43 CPOUT 44 V DDA3 45 FREF 46 V DDD 47 DGND 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 43 2 MHC398 MHC400 52 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC397 MHC399 ...

Page 53

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 48 VCOGND 49 OSCFDB 50 OSCTNK 51 V DDA4 52 n.c. 53 AFSAMPLE 54 AFHOLD 55 TRDSMUTE 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MHC401 53 MHC402 54 MHC403 55 MHC404 53 Product specification TEA6843HL ...

Page 54

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 56 AMAFIF2 57 RDSMPX 58 FMMPX 59 V DDA5 60 n. DDA6 62 n.c. 63 SDA 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 0.35 pF 201 k 56 MHC405 MHC406 MHC407 MHC410 54 Product specification TEA6843HL ...

Page 55

... New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 64 SCL 65 n.c. 66 IF2GND 67 QDET1 68 QDET2 69 C AFC 70 V level 71 XTAL1 72 XTALGND 73 XTAL2 74 n.c. 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MHC411 150 70 MHC414 27 MHC415 55 Product specification TEA6843HL MHC413 73 ...

Page 56

... Philips Semiconductors New In Car Entertainment (NICE) extended car radio PIN SYMBOL 75 TMUTE 76 IREF 77 AMMIX2OUT1 78 AMMIX2OUT2 79 C AGC 80 n.c. 2003 Dec 19 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT Product specification TEA6843HL MHC417 MHC418 78 MHC419 MHC420 ...

Page 57

... scale (1) ( 0.27 0.18 12.1 12.1 14.15 14.15 0.5 0.13 0.12 11.9 11.9 13.85 13.85 REFERENCES JEDEC JEITA MS-026 detail 0.75 1.45 1 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.30 1.05 EUROPEAN PROJECTION Product specification TEA6843HL SOT315 ( 1.05 0 ISSUE DATE 00-01-19 03-02-25 ...

Page 58

... Use a low voltage ( less) soldering iron applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds 300 C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within seconds between 270 and 320 C. 58 Product specification TEA6843HL ...

Page 59

... However, the image sensor package can be mounted by the client on a flex foil by using a hot bar soldering process. The appropriate soldering profile can be provided on request. 9. Hot bar or manual soldering is suitable for PMFP packages. 2003 Dec 19 (1) (3) , TFBGA, (8) 59 Product specification TEA6843HL SOLDERING METHOD WAVE REFLOW not suitable suitable (4) not suitable suitable suitable ...

Page 60

... Product specification TEA6843HL DEFINITION These products are not Philips Semiconductors ...

Page 61

... Philips. This specification can be ordered using the code 9398 393 40011. 2003 Dec 19 C COMPONENTS 2 C components conveys a license under the Philips’ system provided the system conforms to the I 61 Product specification TEA6843HL 2 C patent to use the 2 C specification defined by ...

Page 62

Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Contact information For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com. © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2003 All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited ...

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