cop8ame9 National Semiconductor Corporation, cop8ame9 Datasheet - Page 32

• Manufacturer Part Number: cop8ame9
• Description: 8-bit Cmos Flash Microcontroller With 8k Memory, Dual Op Amps, Virtual Eeprom, Temperature Sensor, 10-bit A/d And Brownout Reset
• Manufacturer: National Semiconductor Corporation

www.national.com
12.0 Timers
If either T2 or T3 is used in High Speed PWM mode and an
SBIT or RBIT instruction operates on any other bit of the
PORT L Data Register, the PWM output may appear to miss
a toggle and thus be inverted. If the timer causes the PWM
output to toggle in the middle of an SBIT or RBIT operation
on the PORTLD Register, the PWM output may be set back
to its state before the output toggle by the operation of the
SBIT/RBIT. This can have the effect of generating a short-
ened pulse (less than one instruction cycle in width) on the
PWM output and inverting the PWM duty cycle.
If the PWM Timer is used in low speed mode or if the PWM
output toggle is synchronous with the end of the instruction
cycle, this problem is not seen. The following figure illus-
trates the PWM output when the failure is seen.
The user should be aware of the state of Timers T2 and T3
before any SBIT or RBIT instructions are executed which
operate on the PORTLD register. If the PWM output is close
to toggling, the user should delay the SBIT or RBIT instruc-
tion.
The following program sequence works to delay the opera-
tion. The user may wish to experiment with other sequences
to see which best fits the application and to make sure that
the time between the completion of the tests and the modi-
fication of PORTLD is not too long. The sequence can easily
be modified to work with Timer T3.
LD B,#TMR2HI ;POINT B TO THE TIMER
LD A,[B-] ;GET THE VALUE IN THE TIMER
IFGT A,#0 ;IF NON ZERO
JP GOOD ;WE HAVE TIME
WAIT: IFBIT 6,[B] ;TEST BIT 6 OF THE TIMER
JP GOOD ;TIME TO GET IT DONE SAFELY
JP WAIT ;WAIT A WHILE
GOOD: SBIT 2,PORTLD ;GO AHEAD AND SET THE
⇒
The above program uses specific bits of the port for expla-
nation purposes only.
The above program uses the SBIT instruction by way of
example. The RBIT instruction will have the same effect.
The above sequence will not work properly for PWM times
shorter than 64 CPU Clock cycles.
BIT
FIGURE 15. Timer in PWM Mode
(Continued)
20006319
32
The choice of TMR2LO bit 6 works, but may introduce delay
at the wrong time in some applications, particularly if bit 7 is
a one. The above example shows the workaround if only one
timer (T2 or T3) is used in high speed PWM mode. If both
Timers T2 and T3 are used in high speed PWM mode, the
program becomes significantly more complicated, since the
execution of the SBIT or RBIT instruction must be delayed
until the PWM output of neither T2 nor T3 is likely to change
during the execution of the instruction.
12.2.3 Mode 2. External Event Counter Mode
This mode is quite similar to the processor independent
PWM mode described above. The main difference is that the
timer, Tx, is clocked by the input signal from the TxA pin after
synchronization to the appropriate internal clock (t
MCLK). The Tx timer control bits, TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1
allow the timer to be clocked either on a positive or negative
edge from the TxA pin. Underflows from the timer are latched
into the TxPNDA pending flag. Setting the TxENA control flag
will cause an interrupt when the timer underflows.
In this mode the input pin TxB can be used as an indepen-
dent positive edge sensitive interrupt input if the TxENB
control flag is set. The occurrence of a positive edge on the
TxB input pin is latched into the TxPNDB flag.
Figure 16 shows a block diagram of the timer in External
Event Counter mode.
Note: The PWM output is not available in this mode since the
TxA pin is being used as the counter input clock.
12.2.4 Mode 3. Input Capture Mode
The device can precisely measure external frequencies or
time external events by placing the timer block, Tx, in the
input capture mode. In this mode, the reload registers serve
as independent capture registers, capturing the contents of
the timer when an external event occurs (transition on the
timer input pin). The capture registers can be read while
maintaining count, a feature that lets the user measure
elapsed time and time between events. By saving the timer
value when the external event occurs, the time of the exter-
nal event is recorded. Most microcontrollers have a latency
time because they cannot determine the timer value when
FIGURE 16. Timer in External Event Counter Mode
20006320
C
or