ADE7755AN-REF Analog Devices, ADE7755AN-REF Datasheet - Page 13

• Manufacturer Part Number: ADE7755AN-REF
• Description: Energy Metering IC with Pulse Output
• Manufacturer: Analog Devices

DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERSION
As previously described, the digital output of the low-pass filter
after multiplication contains the real power information. How-
ever, since this LPF is not an ideal “brick wall” filter implemen-
tation, the output signal also contains attenuated components
at the line frequency and its harmonics, i.e., cos(hwt) where
h = 1, 2, 3, and so on.
The magnitude response of the filter is given by:
For a line frequency of 50 Hz this would give an attenuation of
the 2w (100 Hz) component of approximately –22 dBs. The
dominating harmonic will be at twice the line frequency, i.e.,
cos (2 wt), and this is due to the instantaneous power signal.
REV. 0
Figure 11. Phase Error between Channels (40 Hz to 70 Hz)
Figure 10. Phase Error between Channels (0 Hz to 1 kHz)
| ( )|
H f
–0.05
–0.10
–0.05
–0.10
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
0
40
0
=
1
100
+
( / .
f
45
200
1
8 9
300
Hz
50
)
FREQUENCY – Hz
FREQUENCY – Hz
400
500
55
600
60
700
800
65
900 1000
70
(5)
–13–
Figure 12 shows the instantaneous real power signal at the
output of the CPF, which still contains a significant amount of
instantaneous power information, i.e., cos (2 wt). This signal is
then passed to the digital-to-frequency converter where it is
integrated (accumulated) over time to produce an output frequency.
This accumulation of the signal will suppress or average out any
non-dc components in the instantaneous real power signal. The
average value of a sinusoidal signal is zero. Hence, the frequency
generated by the ADE7755 is proportional to the average real
power. Figure 12 shows the digital-to-frequency conversion for
steady load conditions, i.e., constant voltage and current.
As can be seen in the diagram, the frequency output CF is seen
to vary over time, even under steady load conditions. This
frequency variation is primarily due to the cos (2 wt) component
in the instantaneous real power signal. The output frequency on
CF can be up to 2048 times higher than the frequency on F1
and F2. This higher output frequency is generated by accumu-
lating the instantaneous real power signal over a much shorter
time while converting it to a frequency. This shorter accumula-
tion period means less averaging of the cos (2 wt) component.
As a consequence, some of this instantaneous power signal passes
through the digital-to-frequency conversion. This will not be a
problem in the application. When CF is used for calibration
purposes, the frequency should be averaged by the frequency
counter. This will remove any ripple. If CF is measuring energy,
e.g., in a microprocessor-based application, the CF output
should also be averaged to calculate power. Because the outputs
F1 and F2 operate at a much lower frequency, more averaging
of the instantaneous real power signal is carried out. The result
is a greatly attenuated sinusoidal content and a virtually ripple-
free frequency output.
MULTIPLIER
V
INSTANTANEOUS REAL POWER SIGNAL
2
Figure 12. Real Power-to-Frequency Conversion
I
0
(FREQUENCY DOMAIN)
V
I
LPF TO EXTRACT
REAL POWER
(DC TERM)
ATTENUATED BY LPF
LPF
FREQUENCY – RAD/S
cos(2 t)
2
FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
DIGITAL-TO-
DIGITAL-TO-
F1
F2
CF
ADE7755
FOUT
F1
TIME
TIME