L5994 STMicroelectronics, L5994 Datasheet - Page 18

• Manufacturer Part Number: L5994
• Description: IC CTRLR PS ADJ TRPL-OUT 32-TQFP
• Manufacturer: STMicroelectronics

Specifications of L5994

• Pwm Type: Current Mode
• Number Of Outputs: 3
• Frequency - Max: 345kHz
• Duty Cycle: 96%
• Voltage - Supply: 4.75 V ~ 25 V
• Buck: Yes
• Boost: No
• Flyback: Yes
• Inverting: No
• Doubler: No
• Divider: No
• Cuk: No
• Isolated: No
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 140°C
• Package / Case: 32-TQFP, 32-VQFP
• Frequency-max: 345kHz
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant

L5994 - L5994A
thus both should be considered:
If specification on the output ripple under pulse-skipping condition is also given, C
with it as well.
Further constraints on the minimum output capacitance can arise from specifications regarding the maximum
undershoot, V
whichever is greater, and where Dmax is the maximum duty cycle and the quantities are relevant either to the
+3.3V or +5.1V section. High performance capacitors should be employed to reduce the capacitance needed
for a given ESR, to avoid paralleling several parts with a considerable waste of space. Although excellent elec-
trolytic capacitors are available, OS-CON or tantalums may be preferred especially if very compact design is
required, or in case of surface mount assemblies. Multilayer ceramic capacitors with extremely low ESR are now
available, but they have a large spread of the capacitance value, so they should be paralleled with another more
stable, high-ESR capacitor.
Miscellaneous Components
The feedback loop has virtually unlimited bandwidth, thus a filter is necessary to make the system insensitive
to the switching frequency ripple and, in general, to prevent noise from disturbing the correct operation of the
error summing comparator. Anyway, the cut-off frequency of this filter can be very high, so that line and load
transient response is extremely fast. This filter is a simple R-C type where resistance and capacitance can be
chosen for a typical 3dB cut-off frequency of 60kHz.
As to the bootstrap diodes, even though small signal diodes might be effectively used, it is preferable to employ
low-power Schottky rectifiers, since that increase slightly the gate drive voltage, in favour of efficiency. The boot-
strap capacitor can be a 100nF film capacitor.
The soft-start capacitors determine the time during which the current limitation circuit moves gradually the set-
point from zero up to 50mV in order to limit the current inflow at start-up. This ramp lasts approximately 1 ms
per nF of soft-start capacitance (10 to 100 nF typical values), but the actual time necessary to the output voltage
to reach the steady-state value depends on the load current and the output filter capacitance.
There are some critical points of the IC that may require by-pass capacitors to prevent noise from disturbing the
circuit. These points are the reference voltage VREF, the IC supply pin VIN, the PREG5 line and the alternative
supply pin V5SW. Use film capacitors suitable for AC decoupling.
External PNP bipolar transistor
As the output of the auxiliary winding on the 5.1V section is dimensioned for 13V, considering an output voltage
of 12V the power loss across the external PNP transistor is of:
The collector-emitter breakdown voltage must be greater than the one delivered by the transformer on the 5.1V
section and this is true also for the collector-base junction. A small signal trnsistor is enough for the considered
application.
18/26
-
OUT
C
V
OUT
, or overshoot, V
RPP X
R
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
=
V
-
OUT
3.1 10
V
–
+
INM IN
6
OUT
L
V
P
RPP X
------------------ -
C
R
LOSS
, due to a step-load change I
OUTX
I
L
2
OUT
X
D
= (V
M AX
=
0.011
------------------------- -
R
IN
2
SENS EX
–
- V
V
1
OUT
OUT
------------------------- -
R
SENS EX
ESR
) · I
--------------------------------------- -
V
OUT
X
INM IN
C
OUT
1
OUT
–
V
------------------------------------- -
OUT
:
V
L
+
OUT
OUTX
–
-------------- -
V
I
2
OUT
OUT
V
1
and ESR
OUT
X
must comply