XR17C158CV-F Exar Corporation, XR17C158CV-F Datasheet

IC UART PCI BUS 5V OCTAL 144LQFP

XR17C158CV-F

Manufacturer Part Number
XR17C158CV-F
Description
IC UART PCI BUS 5V OCTAL 144LQFP
Manufacturer
Exar Corporation
Type
Universal PCI Bus Octal UARTr
Datasheet

Specifications of XR17C158CV-F

Number Of Channels
8
Package / Case
144-LQFP
Features
*
Fifo's
64 Byte
Protocol
RS485
Voltage - Supply
5V
With Auto Flow Control
Yes
With Irda Encoder/decoder
Yes
With False Start Bit Detection
Yes
With Modem Control
Yes
Mounting Type
Surface Mount
Data Rate
6.25 Mbps
Supply Voltage (max)
7 V
Supply Current
5 mA
Maximum Operating Temperature
+ 85 C
Minimum Operating Temperature
- 40 C
Mounting Style
SMD/SMT
Operating Supply Voltage
7 V
No. Of Channels
8
Uart Features
High Performance, Read/Write Burst Operation
Supply Voltage Range
-0.5V To 7V
Operating Temperature Range
0°C To +70°C
Rohs Compliant
Yes
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant, Lead free / RoHS Compliant
Other names
1016-1287

Available stocks

Company
Part Number
Manufacturer
Quantity
Price
Part Number:
XR17C158CV-F
Manufacturer:
Exar Corporation
Quantity:
10 000
Part Number:
XR17C158CV-F
Manufacturer:
EXAR/艾科嘉
Quantity:
20 000
xr
AUGUST 2005
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The XR17C158
Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART). The
device is designed to meet the 32-bit PCI Bus and
high
systems.
provides a complete interrupt status indication for all
8 channels to speed up interrupt parsing. Each UART
has its own 16C550 compatible set of configuration
registers, transmit and receive FIFOs of 64 bytes,
fully programmable transmit and receive FIFO level
triggers, transmit and receive FIFO level counters,
automatic RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR hardware flow
control with programmable hysteresis, automatic
software (Xon/Xoff) flow control, IrDA (Infrared Data
Association)
definable inputs/outputs, and a 16-bit general
purpose timer/counter.
N
APPLICATIONS
• Remote Access Servers
• Ethernet Network to Serial Ports
• Network Management
• Factory Automation and Process Control
• Point-of-Sale Systems
• Multi-port RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 Cards
Exar
F
OTE
IGURE
CLK
RST#
AD[31:0]
C/BE[3:0]#
FRAME#
IRDY#
TRDY#
DEVSEL#
STOP#
INTA#
IDSEL
PERR#
SERR#
PAR
EECK
EEDI
EEDO
EECS
:
Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont CA, 94538
1 Covered by U.S. Patents #5,649,122 and #5,949,787
bandwidth
1. B
The
LOCK
encoder/decoder,
1
global
D
Configuration
requirement
IAGRAM
(158) is an octal Universal
EEPROM
PCI Local
Registers
Interface
Interface
Space
Bus
interrupt
in
Timer/Counter
8
source
16-bit
communication
Configuration
Registers
multi-purpose
Device
register
(510) 668-7000
FEATURES
• High Performance Octal UART
• 32-bit PCI Bus Interface with EEPROM Interface
• Each UART Includes
• Eight Multi-Purpose Inputs/outputs
• A General Purpose 16-bit Timer/Counter
• Sleep Mode with Automatic Wake-up
• 5V Operation (PCI Compliance)
• Same package and pinout as the XR17C154,
• 144-pin LQFP Package (20x20x1.4mm)
• Interrupt Source Register for all 8 UARTs
• Data Transfer in Byte, Word and Double-word
• Read/Write Burst Operation
• 16C550 Compatible Registers
• 64-byte Transmit and Receive FIFOs
• Transmit and Receive FIFO Level Counters
• Automatic RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR Flow Control
• Automatic Xon/Xoff Software Flow Control
• RS485 Half-duplex Control with Selectable Delay
• Infrared (IrDA 1.0) Data Encoder/Decoder
• Programmable Data Rate with Prescaler
• Up to 6.25 Mbps Serial Data Rate
XR17D154 and XR17D158
UART
Regs
BRG
Crystal Osc/Buffer
UART Channel 0
UART Channel 1
UART Channel 2
UART Channel 3
UART Channel 4
UART Channel 5
UART Channel 6
UART Channel 7
Inputs/Outputs
Multi-purpose
FAX (510) 668-7017
TX & RX
64 Byte TX FIFO
64 Byte RX FIFO
.
ENDEC
5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART
IR
TX0, RX0, DTR0#,
DSR0#, RTS0#,
CTS0#, CD0#, RI0#
www.exar.com
TX7, RX7, DTR7#,
DSR7#, RTS7#,
CTS7#, CD7#, RI7#
MPIO0- MPIO7
XTAL1
XTAL2
TMRCK
REV. 1.4.3

Related parts for XR17C158CV-F

XR17C158CV-F Summary of contents

Page 1

AUGUST 2005 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1 The XR17C158 (158 octal Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART). The device is designed to meet the 32-bit PCI Bus and high bandwidth requirement systems. The global interrupt provides a complete interrupt ...

Page 2

... VCC 138 AD31 139 AD30 140 AD29 AD28 141 AD27 142 AD26 143 144 AD25 ORDERING INFORMATION P N ART UMBER XR17C158CV 144-Lead LQFP XR17C158IV 144-Lead LQFP XR17C158 ACKAGE PERATING EMPERATURE 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85° REV. 1.4.3 72 CTS5# 71 RX5 ENIR ...

Page 3

REV. 1.4.3 PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pin Description AME IN PCI LOCAL BUS INTERFACE RST# 134 CLK 135 AD31-AD25, 138-144, AD24, 1, AD23-AD16, 6-13, AD15-AD8, 26-33, AD7-AD0 37-44 FRAME# 15 C/BE0#-C/BE3# 36,25,14,2 IRDY# 16 TRDY# 17 STOP# ...

Page 4

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART Pin Description AME IN DTR1# 118 DSR1# 122 CD1# 121 RI1# 120 TX2 106 RX2 99 RTS2# 104 CTS2# 100 DTR2# 105 DSR2# 101 CD2# 102 RI2# 103 TX3 98 ...

Page 5

REV. 1.4.3 Pin Description AME IN TX6 62 RX6 55 RTS6# 60 CTS6# 56 DTR6# 61 DSR6# 57 CD6# 58 RI6# 59 TX7 54 RX7 47 RTS7# 52 CTS7# 48 DTR7# 53 DSR7# 49 CD7# ...

Page 6

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART Pin Description AME IN EECS 115 EEDI 114 EEDO 113 XTAL1 110 XTAL2 109 TMRCK 69 ENIR 70 TEST# 111 VCC 4,19,34,45,64, 90,112,137 GND 5,20,35,46,63, 89,136 N : Pin type: ...

Page 7

REV. 1.4.3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The XR17C158 (158) integrates the functions of 8 enhanced 16550 UARTs with the PCI Local Bus interface and a non-volatile memory interface for PCI bus’s plug-and-play auto-configuration, a 16-bit timer/counter, 8 multi-purpose inputs/outputs, and an ...

Page 8

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 1.0 XR17C158 REGISTERS The XR17C158 UART has three different sets of registers as shown in configuration space registers are for plug-and-play auto-configuration when connecting the device to the PCI bus. This auto-configuration feature makes ...

Page 9

REV. 1.4 PCI L ABLE DDRESS ITS YPE 0x00 31:16 Device ID (Exar device ID number) 1 RWR 15:0 Vendor ID (Exar) specified by PCISIG 1 RWR 0x04 31 RWC Parity error detected. Cleared ...

Page 10

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART T 1: PCI L ABLE DDRESS ITS YPE 0x2C 31:16 1 Subsystem ID (write from external EEPROM by customer) RWR 15:0 1 Subsystem Vendor ID (write from external EEPROM by cus- ...

Page 11

REV. 1.4 XR17C158 D ABLE FFSET DDRESS EMORY PACE 0x000 - 0x00F UART channel 0 Regs 0x010 - 0x07F Reserved 0x080 - 0x093 DEVICE CONFIG. REGISTERS 0x094 - 0x0FF Reserved 0x100 - 0x13F ...

Page 12

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART T 2: XR17C158 D ABLE FFSET DDRESS EMORY PACE 0x740 - 0x77F Reserved 0x780 - 0x7FF UART 3 – Read FIFO with errors 0x800 - 0x80F UART channel 4 Regs ...

Page 13

REV. 1.4 XR17C158 D ABLE FFSET DDRESS EMORY PACE 0xF40 - 0xF7F Reserved 0xF80 - 0xFFF UART 7 – Read FIFO with errors C R EVICE ONFIGURATION EGISTERS EAD ...

Page 14

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART ABLE EVICE A [A7:A0] R DDRESS EGISTER Ox080 INT0 [7:0] Ox081 INT1 [15:8] Ox082 INT2 [23:16] Ox083 INT3 [31:24] Ox084 TIMERCNTL Ox085 TIMER Ox086 TIMERLSB Ox087 TIMERMSB Ox088 8XMODE Ox089 REGA ...

Page 15

REV. 1.4.3 1.2.1 The Interrupt Status Register The XR17C158 has a 32-bit wide register [INT0, INT1, INT2 and INT3] to provide interrupt information and supports two interrupt schemes. The first scheme is an 8-bit indicator representing all 8 channels ...

Page 16

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART . IGURE HE LOBAL NTERRUPT INT3 Register Channel-7 Channel-6 Channel-5 Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit N+2 N+1 N N+2 N+1 N N+2 N UART ...

Page 17

REV. 1.4.3 1.2.2 General Purpose 16-bit Timer/Counter [TIMERMSB, TIMELSB, TIMER, TIMECNTL XX-XX-00-00 16-bit down-count timer for general purpose timer or counter. Its clock source may be selected from internal crystal oscillator or externally on pin ...

Page 18

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART TIMERMSB [31:24] and TIMERLSB [23:16] TIMERMSB and TIMERLSB form a 16-bit value. The least-significant bit of the timer is bit [0] of the TIMERLSB with most-significant-bit being bit [7] in TIMERMSB. Notice that these ...

Page 19

REV. 1.4.3 1.2.6 SLEEP [31:24] - (default 0x00) The 8-bit Sleep register enables each UART separately to enter Sleep mode. Sleep mode reduces power consumption when the system needs to put the UART(s) to idle. All of these conditions ...

Page 20

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART REGB [23:16] (default 0x00) REGB register provides a control for simultaneous write to all 8 UARTs configuration register or individually. This is very useful for device initialization during power-up and reset routines. Also, the ...

Page 21

REV. 1.4 IGURE ULTIPURPOSE INPUT MPIOINT [7:0] INT AND MPIOLVL [7:0] Read Input Level MPIOINV [7:0] (Input Inversion Enable =1) MPIOLVL [7:0] (Output Level) MPIO3T [7:0] (3-state Enable =1) MPIOSEL [7:0] (Select Input=1, Output=0 ) MPIOINT ...

Page 22

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART MPIOLVL [7:0] (default 0x00) Output pin level control and input level status. The status of the input pin(s) is read on this register and output pins are controlled on this register. A logic 0 ...

Page 23

REV. 1.4.3 2.0 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / BUFFER The 158 includes an on-chip oscillator (XTAL1 and XTAL2). The crystal oscillator provides the system clock to the Baud Rate Generators (BRG) in each of the 8 UARTs, the 16-bit general purpose ...

Page 24

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 3.0 TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE DATA There are two methods to load transmit data and unload receive data from each UART channel. First, there is a transmit data register and receive data register for each ...

Page 25

REV. 1.4.3 Channel ReceiveData in 32-bit alignment through the Configuration Register Address 0x0100, 0x0300, 0x0500, 0x0700, 0x0900, 0x0B00, 0x0D00 and 0x0F00 Receive Data Byte n ...

Page 26

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART Channel Transmit Data in 32-bit alignment through the Configuration Register Address 0x0100, 0x0300, 0x0500, 0x0700, 0x0900, 0x0B00, 0x0D00 and 0x0F00 Transmit Data Byte n ...

Page 27

REV. 1.4.3 4.0 UART There are 8 UARTs [channel 7:0] in the 158. Each has its own 64-byte of transmit and receive FIFOs, a set of 16550 compatible control and status registers, and a baud rate generator for individual ...

Page 28

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART ABLE YPICAL DATA RATES WITH A O Data Rate O Data Rate UTPUT UTPUT MCR Bit-7=1 MCR Bit-7=0 100 400 600 2400 1200 4800 2400 9600 4800 19.2k 9600 38.4k 19.2k ...

Page 29

REV. 1.4 IGURE RANSMITTER PERATION IN NON Data Byte 16X or 8X Clock (8XMODE Register) Transmit Shift Register (TSR) 4.2.3 Transmitter Operation in FIFO mode The host may fill the transmit FIFO with up to ...

Page 30

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART F 11 IGURE RANSMITTER PERATION IN Transmit Data Byte Flow Control Characters (Xoff1/2 and Xon1/2 Reg. Auto Software Flow Control 16X or 8X Clock (8XMODE Register) Auto CTS Flow Control (CTS# pin) ...

Page 31

REV. 1.4.3 4.3.2 Receiver Operation in non-FIFO Mode F 12 IGURE ECEIVER PERATION IN NON 16X or 8X Clock (8XMODE Register) Error Receive Flags in Data Byte LSR bits and Errors 4:2 4.3.3 Receiver Operation in FIFO ...

Page 32

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 4.4 Automatic Hardware (RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR) Flow Control Operation Automatic hardware RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR flow control is used to prevent data overrun to the local receiver FIFO and remote receiver FIFO. The RTS#/DTR# output ...

Page 33

REV. 1.4.3 F 14. A RTS/DTR CTS/DSR F IGURE UTO AND Local UART UARTA Receiver FIFO Trigger Reached Auto RTS Trigger Level Transmitter Auto CTS Monitor Assert RTS# to Begin Transmission 1 RTSA# 2 CTSB# 3 TXB Data Starts ...

Page 34

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 4.5 Infrared Mode Each UART in the 158 includes the infrared encoder and decoder compatible to the IrDA (Infrared Data Association) version 1.0. The input pin ENIR conveniently activates all 8 UART channels to ...

Page 35

REV. 1.4.3 4.6 Internal Loopback Each UART channel provides an internal loopback capability for system diagnostic. The internal loopback mode is enabled by setting MCR register bit-4 to logic 1. All regular UART functions operate normally. Figure 16 shows ...

Page 36

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 4.7 UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS AND ADDRESS DECODING The 8 sets of UART configuration registers are decoded using address lines A8 to A11 as shown below. Address lines select the 16 ...

Page 37

REV. 1.4 11: UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ABLE A DDRESS RHR - Receive Holding Register THR - Transmit Holding Register DLL ...

Page 38

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART T 12: UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS DESCRIPTION. ABLE DDRESS EG EAD A3- AME RITE RHR R Bit ...

Page 39

REV. 1.4.3 T 12: UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS DESCRIPTION. ABLE DDRESS EG EAD A3- AME RITE XCHAR XOFF1 W Bit-7 ...

Page 40

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART IER[0]: RHR Interrupt Enable The receive data ready interrupt will be issued when RHR has a data character in the non-FIFO mode or when the receive FIFO has reached the programmed trigger level in ...

Page 41

REV. 1.4.3 Interrupt Generation: • LSR is by any of the LSR bits and 4. • RXRDY trigger level. • RXRDY Time-out is by the a 4-char plus 12 bits delay timer if ...

Page 42

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART ISR[4]: Xoff/Xon or Special Character Interrupt Status This bit is enabled when EFR bit-4 is set to a logic 1. ISR bit-4 indicates that the receiver detected a data match of the Xoff character(s). ...

Page 43

REV. 1.4.3 FCR[7:6]: Receive FIFO Trigger Select (logic 0 = default, RX trigger level =1) The FCTR Bits 6-7 are associated with these 2 bits. These 2 bits are used to set the trigger level for the receiv- er ...

Page 44

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 4.8.7 Line Control Register (LCR) - Read/Write The Line Control Register is used to specify the asynchronous data communication format. The word or character length, the number of stop bits, and the parity are ...

Page 45

REV. 1.4.3 LCR B -5 LCR LCR[6]: Transmit Break Enable When enabled the Break control bit causes a break condition to be transmitted (the TX output is forced to a “space", LOW ...

Page 46

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART MCR[5]: Xon-Any Enable • Logic 0 = Disable Xon-Any function (for 16C550 compatibility) (default). • Logic 1 = Enable Xon-Any function. In this mode any RX character received will enable Xon, resume data transmission. ...

Page 47

REV. 1.4.3 LSR[5]: Transmit Holding Register Empty Flag This bit is the Transmit Holding Register Empty indicator. This bit indicates that the transmitter is ready to accept a new character for transmission. In addition, this bit causes the UART ...

Page 48

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART MSR[5]: DSR Input Status This input may be used for auto DTR/DSR flow control function, see (RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR) Flow Control Operation” on page 32 flow control is not used, this bit is the ...

Page 49

REV. 1.4.3 4.8.12 SCRATCH PAD REGISTER (SPR) - Read/Write This is an 8-bit general purpose register for the user to store temporary data. The content of this register is preserved during sleep mode but becomes 0xFF (default) after a ...

Page 50

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART T 17 ABLE ELECTABLE FCTR B -3 FCTR ...

Page 51

REV. 1.4.3 EFR[4]: Enhanced Function Bits Enable Enhanced function control bit. This bit enables the functions in IER bits 4-7, ISR bits 4-5, FCR bits 4-5, and MCR bits 5 modified. After modifying any enhanced bits, EFR ...

Page 52

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART EFR[6]: Auto RTS or DTR Flow Control Enable RTS#/DTR# output may be used for hardware flow control by setting EFR bit-6 to logic 1. When Auto RTS/ DTR is selected, an interrupt will be ...

Page 53

REV. 1.4.3 REGISTERS DLL DLM RHR THR IER FCR ISR LCR MCR LSR MSR SPR FCTR EFR TXCNT TXTRG RXCNT RXTRG XCHAR XON1 XON2 XOFF1 XOFF2 I/O SIGNALS TX[ch-7:0] RTS#[ch-7:0] DTR#[ch-7:0] EECK EECS EEDI T 19: UART RESET CONDITIONS ...

Page 54

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART 5.0 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES These examples are for devices with top mark date codes of "GC YYWW" and older. 5 NLOADING ECEIVE ATA It is suggested that before starting to read ...

Page 55

REV. 1.4.3 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Power Supply Range Voltage at Any Pin Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Package Dissipation Thermal Resistance (20x20x1.4mm 144-LQFP) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR 5V SIGNALING TA (-40 ...

Page 56

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR 5V SIGNALING TA (-40 to +85 C for industrial grade package). VCC = 4.5 - 5.5V YMBOL ARAMETER XTAL1 UART Crystal ...

Page 57

REV. 1.4.3 F 17. PCI B C IGURE US ONFIGURATION CLK Host FRAME# Host AD[31:0] Host Target C/BE[3:0]# Host IRDY# Host TRDY# Target DEVSEL# Target CLK Host FRAME# Host AD[31:0] Host Target C/BE[3:0]# Host IRDY# Host TRDY# Target DEVSEL# ...

Page 58

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART F 18 IGURE EVICE ONFIGURATION AND CLK Host 1 2 FRAME# Host AD[31:0] Address Host Target Bus C/BE[3:0]# Byte Enable# = BYTE CMD Host IRDY# Host TRDY# Target DEVSEL# Target Address PAR ...

Page 59

REV. 1.4 IGURE EVICE ONFIGURATION REGISTERS TION CLK Host FRAME# Host Data AD[31:0] Address DWORD Host Target Bus C/BE[3:0]# Byte Enable# = DWORD CMD Host IRDY# Host TRDY# Target DEVSEL# Target Address ...

Page 60

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART F 20 IGURE EVICE ONFIGURATION CLK Host 1 FRAME# Host AD[31:0] AD Host Target C/BE[3:0]# Bus Byte Enable# = DWORD CMD Host IRDY# Host TRDY# Target DEVSEL# Target PAR AD Host Target ...

Page 61

REV. 1.4.3 F 21. 5V PCI B C (DC IGURE US LOCK 4 nSec (max) CLK Tvalid (2-11 nSec) Bused Signal Output Delay Ton (2 nSec min) Tri-State Output Bused Signal Input 33MH ) nSec 4 ...

Page 62

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART F 22 IGURE RANSMIT ATA NTERRUPT AT START BIT TX Data TX Interrupt at Transmit Trigger Level F 23 IGURE ECEIVE ATA EADY START BIT RX Data Input ...

Page 63

REV. 1.4.3 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS 108 109 144 1 A Seating Plane Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column OTE SYMBOL α 144 LEAD LOW-PROFILE QUAD ...

Page 64

XR17C158 5V PCI BUS OCTAL UART REVISION HISTORY D R ATE EVISION March 2000 Rev. 1.0.1 Preliminary March 2001 Rev. 1.0.2 Corrected patent number, front page; reference to DAN112; corrected CTS#, DSR#, RI# and CD# in figure 11 internal loopback; ...

Page 65

... REV. 1.4.3 EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration purposes and may vary depending upon a user’ ...

Page 66

XRT99L00 PCI BUS OCTAL UART GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................1 A ................................................................................................................................................1 PPLICATIONS F .....................................................................................................................................................1 EATURES ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 IGURE LOCK IAGRAM .................................................................................................................................................. 2 IGURE THE EVICE .................................................................................................................................2 ORDERING INFORMATION PIN ...

Page 67

REV. 1.4 IGURE ECEIVER PERATION IN NON 4.3.3 RECEIVER OPERATION IN FIFO AND FLOW CONTROL MODE ........................................................................... IGURE ECEIVER PERATION IN 4.4 AUTOMATIC HARDWARE (RTS/CTS OR DTR/DSR) FLOW CONTROL OPERATION ...

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