ATMEGA32A-ANR Atmel, ATMEGA32A-ANR Datasheet - Page 11
![IC MCU AVR 32K FLASH 44TQFP](/photos/6/70/67042/313-44-tqfp_sml.jpg)
ATMEGA32A-ANR
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA32A-ANR
Description
IC MCU AVR 32K FLASH 44TQFP
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Datasheet
1.ATMEGA32A-MU.pdf
(353 pages)
Specifications of ATMEGA32A-ANR
Core Processor
AVR
Core Size
8-Bit
Speed
16MHz
Connectivity
I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Number Of I /o
32
Program Memory Size
32KB (16K x 16)
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Eeprom Size
1K x 8
Ram Size
2K x 8
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Package / Case
44-TQFP
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
Available stocks
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Part Number
Manufacturer
Quantity
Price
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6.4.1
6.5
8155C–AVR–02/11
Stack Pointer
The X-register, Y-register and Z-register
The registers R26:R31 have some added functions to their general purpose usage. These regis-
ters are 16-bit address pointers for indirect addressing of the Data Space. The three indirect
address registers X, Y, and Z are defined as described in
Figure 6-3.
In the different addressing modes these address registers have functions as fixed displacement,
automatic increment, and automatic decrement (see the Instruction Set Reference for details).
The Stack is mainly used for storing temporary data, for storing local variables and for storing
return addresses after interrupts and subroutine calls. Note that the Stack is implemented as
growing from higher to lower memory locations. The Stack Pointer Register always points to the
top of the Stack. The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM Stack area where the Subroutine
and Interrupt Stacks are located. A Stack PUSH command will decrease the Stack Pointer.
The Stack in the data SRAM must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are
executed or interrupts are enabled. Initial Stack Pointer value equals the last address of the
internal SRAM and the Stack Pointer must be set to point above start of the SRAM, see
7-2 on page
See
Table 6-1.
The AVR Stack Pointer is implemented as two 8-bit registers in the I/O space. The number of
bits actually used is implementation dependent. Note that the data space in some implementa-
X - register
Y - register
Z - register
Instruction
PUSH
CALL
ICALL
RCALL
POP
RET
RETI
Table 6-1 on page 11
18.
The X-, Y-, and Z-registers
Stack Pointer instructions
Stack pointer
Decremented by 1
Decremented by 2
Incremented by 1
Incremented by 2
15
7
R27 ($1B)
15
7
R29 ($1D)
15
7
R31 ($1F)
for Stack Pointer details.
Description
Data is pushed onto the stack
Return address is pushed onto the stack with a subroutine call or
interrupt
Data is popped from the stack
Return address is popped from the stack with return from
subroutine or return from interrupt
XH
YH
ZH
0
0
0
7
R26 ($1A)
7
R28 ($1C)
7
R30 ($1E)
Figure
6-3.
XL
YL
ZL
0
ATmega32A
0
0
0
0
0
Figure
11
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