ATMEGA32A-ANR Atmel, ATMEGA32A-ANR Datasheet - Page 186
![IC MCU AVR 32K FLASH 44TQFP](/photos/6/70/67042/313-44-tqfp_sml.jpg)
ATMEGA32A-ANR
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA32A-ANR
Description
IC MCU AVR 32K FLASH 44TQFP
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Datasheet
1.ATMEGA32A-MU.pdf
(353 pages)
Specifications of ATMEGA32A-ANR
Core Processor
AVR
Core Size
8-Bit
Speed
16MHz
Connectivity
I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Number Of I /o
32
Program Memory Size
32KB (16K x 16)
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Eeprom Size
1K x 8
Ram Size
2K x 8
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Package / Case
44-TQFP
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
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8155C–AVR–02/11
Even though this example is simple, it shows the principles involved in all TWI transmissions.
These can be summarized as follows:
In the following an assembly and C implementation of the example is given. Note that the code
below assumes that several definitions have been made, for example by using include-files.
4. When the address packet has been transmitted, the TWINT Flag in TWCR is set, and
5. The application software should now examine the value of TWSR, to make sure that the
6. When the data packet has been transmitted, the TWINT Flag in TWCR is set, and
7. The application software should now examine the value of TWSR, to make sure that the
• When the TWI has finished an operation and expects application response, the TWINT Flag
• When the TWINT Flag is set, the user must update all TWI Registers with the value relevant
• After all TWI Register updates and other pending application software tasks have been
is set. The SCL line is pulled low until TWINT is cleared.
for the next TWI bus cycle. As an example, TWDR must be loaded with the value to be
transmitted in the next bus cycle.
completed, TWCR is written. When writing TWCR, the TWINT bit should be set. Writing a
one to TWINT clears the flag. The TWI will then commence executing whatever operation
was specified by the TWCR setting.
loaded with the desired SLA+W, a specific value must be written to TWCR, instructing
the TWI hardware to transmit the SLA+W present in TWDR. Which value to write is
described later on. However, it is important that the TWINT bit is set in the value written.
Writing a one to TWINT clears the flag. The TWI will not start any operation as long as
the TWINT bit in TWCR is set. Immediately after the application has cleared TWINT,
the TWI will initiate transmission of the address packet.
TWSR is updated with a status code indicating that the address packet has success-
fully been sent. The status code will also reflect whether a slave acknowledged the
packet or not.
address packet was successfully transmitted, and that the value of the ACK bit was as
expected. If TWSR indicates otherwise, the application software might take some spe-
cial action, like calling an error routine. Assuming that the status code is as expected,
the application must load a data packet into TWDR. Subsequently, a specific value
must be written to TWCR, instructing the TWI hardware to transmit the data packet
present in TWDR. Which value to write is described later on. However, it is important
that the TWINT bit is set in the value written. Writing a one to TWINT clears the flag.
The TWI will not start any operation as long as the TWINT bit in TWCR is set. Immedi-
ately after the application has cleared TWINT, the TWI will initiate transmission of the
data packet.
TWSR is updated with a status code indicating that the data packet has successfully
been sent. The status code will also reflect whether a slave acknowledged the packet or
not.
data packet was successfully transmitted, and that the value of the ACK bit was as
expected. If TWSR indicates otherwise, the application software might take some spe-
cial action, like calling an error routine. Assuming that the status code is as expected,
the application must write a specific value to TWCR, instructing the TWI hardware to
transmit a STOP condition. Which value to write is described later on. However, it is
important that the TWINT bit is set in the value written. Writing a one to TWINT clears
the flag. The TWI will not start any operation as long as the TWINT bit in TWCR is set.
Immediately after the application has cleared TWINT, the TWI will initiate transmission
of the STOP condition. Note that TWINT is NOT set after a STOP condition has been
sent.
ATmega32A
186
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