ATMEGA325-16AJ ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation], ATMEGA325-16AJ Datasheet - Page 102

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATMEGA325-16AJ
• Description: 8-bit Microcontroller with In-System Programmable Flash
• Manufacturer: ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation]

Timer/Counter Clock
Sources
Counter Unit
102
ATmega325/3250/645/6450
The Timer/Counter can be clocked by an internal or an external clock source. The clock
source is selected by the Clock Select logic which is controlled by the Clock Select
(CS12:0) bits located in the Timer/Counter control Register B (TCCR1B). For details on
clock sources and prescaler, see “Timer/Counter0 and Timer/Counter1 Prescalers” on
page 94.
The main part of the 16-bit Timer/Counter is the programmable 16-bit bi-directional
counter unit. Figure 41 shows a block diagram of the counter and its surroundings.
Figure 41. Counter Unit Block Diagram
Signal description (internal signals):
The 16-bit counter is mapped into two 8-bit I/O memory locations: Counter High
(TCNT1H) containing the upper eight bits of the counter, and Counter Low (TCNT1L)
containing the lower eight bits. The TCNT1H Register can only be indirectly accessed
by the CPU. When the CPU does an access to the TCNT1H I/O location, the CPU
accesses the high byte temporary register (TEMP). The temporary register is updated
with the TCNT1H value when the TCNT1L is read, and TCNT1H is updated with the
temporary register value when TCNT1L is written. This allows the CPU to read or write
the entire 16-bit counter value within one clock cycle via the 8-bit data bus. It is impor-
tant to notice that there are special cases of writing to the TCNT1 Register when the
counter is counting that will give unpredictable results. The special cases are described
in the sections where they are of importance.
Depending on the mode of operation used, the counter is cleared, incremented, or dec-
remented at each timer clock (clk
internal clock source, selected by the Clock Select bits (CS12:0). When no clock source
is selected (CS12:0 = 0) the timer is stopped. However, the TCNT1 value can be
accessed by the CPU, independent of whether clk
rides (has priority over) all counter clear or count operations.
The counting sequence is determined by the setting of the Waveform Generation mode
bits (WGM13:0) located in the Timer/Counter Control Registers A and B (TCCR1A and
TCCR1B). There are close connections between how the counter behaves (counts) and
Count
Direction
Clear
clk
TOP
BOTTOM
T
1
TCNTnH (8-bit)
TEMP (8-bit)
TCNTn (16-bit Counter)
DATA BUS
Increment or decrement TCNT1 by 1.
Select between increment and decrement.
Clear TCNT1 (set all bits to zero).
Timer/Counter clock.
Signalize that TCNT1 has reached maximum value.
Signalize that TCNT1 has reached minimum value (zero).
TCNTnL (8-bit)
(8-bit)
T
1
Direction
). The clk
Count
Clear
Control Logic
TOP
T
1
can be generated from an external or
T
BOTTOM
1
is present or not. A CPU write over-
TOVn
(Int.Req.)
clk
Tn
Clock Select
( From Prescaler )
Detector
Edge
2570A–AVR–09/04
Tn