ATMEGA16A-MU Atmel, ATMEGA16A-MU Datasheet - Page 161
![MCU AVR 16K FLASH 16MHZ 44-QFN](/photos/12/13/121316/313-44-qfn_sml.jpg)
ATMEGA16A-MU
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA16A-MU
Description
MCU AVR 16K FLASH 16MHZ 44-QFN
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Specifications of ATMEGA16A-MU
Core Processor
AVR
Core Size
8-Bit
Speed
16MHz
Connectivity
I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Number Of I /o
32
Program Memory Size
16KB (8K x 16)
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Eeprom Size
512 x 8
Ram Size
1K x 8
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Package / Case
44-VQFN Exposed Pad
Processor Series
ATMEGA16x
Core
AVR8
Data Bus Width
8 bit
Data Ram Size
1 KB
Interface Type
2-Wire, SPI, USART
Maximum Clock Frequency
16 MHz
Number Of Programmable I/os
32
Number Of Timers
3
Maximum Operating Temperature
+ 85 C
Mounting Style
SMD/SMT
3rd Party Development Tools
EWAVR, EWAVR-BL
Development Tools By Supplier
ATAVRDRAGON, ATSTK500, ATSTK600, ATAVRISP2, ATAVRONEKIT
Minimum Operating Temperature
- 40 C
On-chip Adc
10 bit, 8 Channel
Package
44QFN EP
Device Core
AVR
Family Name
ATmega
Maximum Speed
16 MHz
Operating Supply Voltage
3.3|5 V
Controller Family/series
AVR MEGA
No. Of I/o's
32
Eeprom Memory Size
512Byte
Ram Memory Size
1KB
Cpu Speed
16MHz
Rohs Compliant
Yes
For Use With
ATSTK600 - DEV KIT FOR AVR/AVR32ATSTK500 - PROGRAMMER AVR STARTER KIT
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
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19.8.2
8154B–AVR–07/09
Asynchronous Data Recovery
Figure 19-5. Start Bit Sampling
When the clock recovery logic detects a high (idle) to low (start) transition on the RxD line, the
start bit detection sequence is initiated. Let sample 1 denote the first zero-sample as shown in
the figure. The clock recovery logic then uses samples 8, 9, and 10 for Normal mode, and sam-
ples 4, 5, and 6 for Double Speed mode (indicated with sample numbers inside boxes on the
figure), to decide if a valid start bit is received. If two or more of these three samples have logical
high levels (the majority wins), the start bit is rejected as a noise spike and the receiver starts
looking for the next high to low-transition. If however, a valid start bit is detected, the clock recov-
ery logic is synchronized and the data recovery can begin. The synchronization process is
repeated for each start bit.
When the receiver clock is synchronized to the start bit, the data recovery can begin. The data
recovery unit uses a state machine that has 16 states for each bit in normal mode and 8 states
for each bit in Double Speed mode.
ity bit. Each of the samples is given a number that is equal to the state of the recovery unit.
Figure 19-6. Sampling of Data and Parity Bit
The decision of the logic level of the received bit is taken by doing a majority voting of the logic
value to the three samples in the center of the received bit. The center samples are emphasized
on the figure by having the sample number inside boxes. The majority voting process is done as
follows: If two or all three samples have high levels, the received bit is registered to be a logic 1.
If two or all three samples have low levels, the received bit is registered to be a logic 0. This
majority voting process acts as a low pass filter for the incoming signal on the RxD pin. The
recovery process is then repeated until a complete frame is received. Including the first stop bit.
Note that the receiver only uses the first stop bit of a frame.
Figure 19-7
of the next frame.
(U2X = 0)
(U2X = 1)
(U2X = 0)
(U2X = 1)
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
RxD
RxD
shows the sampling of the stop bit and the earliest possible beginning of the start bit
0
0
IDLE
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
4
4
Figure 19-6
5
3
5
3
6
6
7
4
7
4
8
shows the sampling of the data bits and the par-
8
START
BIT n
9
5
9
5
10
10
11
11
6
6
12
12
13
13
7
7
14
14
ATmega16A
15
15
8
8
16
16
1
1
1
1
2
BIT 0
3
2
161
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