AD9522-1BCPZ-REEL7 Analog Devices Inc, AD9522-1BCPZ-REEL7 Datasheet - Page 41

• Manufacturer Part Number: AD9522-1BCPZ-REEL7
• Description: 12- Channel Clock Generator W/Int VCO
• Manufacturer: Analog Devices Inc
• Type: Clock Generator, Fanout Distributionr

Specifications of AD9522-1BCPZ-REEL7

• Pll: Yes
• Input: CMOS, LVDS, LVPECL
• Output: CMOS, LVDS
• Number Of Circuits: 1
• Ratio - Input:output: 2:12, 2:24
• Differential - Input:output: Yes/Yes
• Frequency - Max: 2.65GHz
• Divider/multiplier: Yes/No
• Voltage - Supply: 3.135 V ~ 3.465 V
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 85°C
• Mounting Type: Surface Mount
• Package / Case: 64-LFCSP
• Frequency-max: 2.5GHz
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant

VCO Calibration
The AD9522 on-chip VCO must be calibrated to ensure proper
operation over process and temperature. The VCO calibration
is controlled by a calibration controller running off a divided
REFIN clock. The calibration requires that the PLL be set up
properly to lock the PLL loop and that the REFIN clock be
present. The REFIN clock must come from a stable source
external to the AD9522.
VCO calibration can be performed in two ways: automatically
at power-up and manually. Automatic VCO calibration occurs
when the EEPROM is set to automatically load the
preprogrammed values in the EEPROM, and then automatically
calibrate the VCO. A valid reference must be provided at
power-up in order for the automatic calibration to complete. If
this is not the case, the user must calibrate the VCO manually.
During the first initialization after a power-up or a reset of the
AD9522, a manual VCO calibration sequence is initiated by
setting 0x018[0] = 1b. This can be done as part of the initial
setup before executing update registers (0x232[0] = 1b).
Subsequent to the initial setup, a VCO calibration sequence is
initiated by resetting 0x018[0] = 0b, executing an update registers
operation, setting 0x018[0] = 1b, and executing another update
registers operation. A readback bit (0x01F[6]) indicates when a
VCO calibration is finished by returning a logic true (that is, 1b).
The sequence of operations for the VCO calibration follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A SYNC is executed during the VCO calibration; therefore,
the outputs of the AD9522 are held static during the calibration,
which prevents unwanted frequencies from being produced.
However, at the end of a VCO calibration, the outputs may
resume clocking before the PLL loop is completely settled.
The VCO calibration clock divider is set as shown in Table 52
(0x018[2:1]).
Program the PLL registers to the proper values for the PLL
loop. Note that the VCO divider (0x1E0[2:0]) must not be
set to static during VCO calibration.
For the initial setting of the registers after a power-up or
reset, initiate a VCO calibration by setting 0x018[0] = 1b.
Subsequently, whenever a calibration is desired, the user
must first clear 0x018[0] and update registers (0x232[0] = 1b)
prior to initiating another VCO calibration.
A SYNC operation is initiated internally, causing the
outputs to go to a static state determined by normal SYNC
function operation.
VCO is calibrated to the desired setting for the requested
VCO frequency.
Internally, the SYNC signal is released, allowing outputs to
continue clocking.
The PLL loop is closed.
PLL locks.
Rev. 0 | Page 41 of 84
The calibration divider divides the PFD frequency (reference
frequency divided by R) down to the calibration clock. The
calibration occurs at the PFD frequency divided by the calibration
divider setting. Lower VCO calibration clock frequencies result in
longer times for a calibration to be completed.
The VCO calibration clock frequency is given by
where:
f
R is the value of the R counter.
cal_div is the division set for the VCO calibration divider
(0x018[2:1]).
The user should choose a calibration divider such that the
calibration frequency is less than 6.25 MHz. Table 30 shows the
appropriate value for the calibration divider.
Table 30. VCO Calibration Divider Values for Different
Phase Detector Frequencies
PFD Rate (MHz)
<12
12 to 25
25 to 50
50 to 100
The VCO calibration takes 4400 calibration clock cycles. Therefore,
the VCO calibration time in PLL reference clock cycles is given by
The AD9522 does not automatically recalibrate its VCO when
the PLL settings change. This allows for flexibility in deciding
that order to program registers and when to initiate a calibration,
instead of having it happen every time certain PLL registers
have their values change. For example, this allows for the VCO
frequency to be changed by small amounts without having an
automatic calibration occur each time; this should be done with
caution and only when the user knows the VCO control voltage
will not exceed the nominal best performance limits. For example,
a few 100 kHz steps are fine, but a few MHz steps may not be.
Additionally, because the calibration procedure results in rapid
changes in the VCO frequency, the distribution section is
automatically placed in SYNC until the calibration is finished.
Therefore, this temporary loss of outputs must be expected.
Initiate a VCO calibration under the following conditions:
•
•
REFIN
f
Time to Calibrate VCO =
4400 × R × cal_div PLL Reference Clock Cycles
After changing any of the PLL R, P, B, and A divider settings,
or after a change in the PLL reference clock frequency.
This, in effect, means any time a PLL register or reference
clock is changed such that a different VCO frequency results.
Whenever system calibration is desired. The VCO is designed
to operate properly over extremes of temperature even when it
is first calibrated at the opposite extreme. However, a VCO
calibration can be initiated at any time, if desired.
is the frequency of the REFIN signal.
CAL_CLOCK
= f
REFIN
/(R × cal_div)
Recommended VCO Calibration Divider
Any
4, 8, 16
8, 16
16
AD9522-1