ATmega325PA Atmel Corporation, ATmega325PA Datasheet - Page 143

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATmega325PA
• Manufacturer: Atmel Corporation

18.5.1
18.5.2
18.5.3
8285D–AVR–06/11
Force Output Compare
Compare Match Blocking by TCNT2 Write
Using the Output Compare Unit
ATmega165A/PA/325A/PA/3250A/PA/645A/P/6450A/P
Figure 18-3. Output Compare Unit, Block Diagram
The OCR2A Register is double buffered when using any of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
modes. For the Normal and Clear Timer on Compare (CTC) modes of operation, the double
buffering is disabled. The double buffering synchronizes the update of the OCR2A Compare
Register to either top or bottom of the counting sequence. The synchronization prevents the
occurrence of odd-length, non-symmetrical PWM pulses, thereby making the output glitch-free.
The OCR2A Register access may seem complex, but this is not case. When the double buffer-
ing is enabled, the CPU has access to the OCR2A Buffer Register, and if double buffering is
disabled the CPU will access the OCR2A directly.
In non-PWM waveform generation modes, the match output of the comparator can be forced by
writing a one to the Force Output Compare (FOC2A) bit. Forcing compare match will not set the
OCF2A Flag or reload/clear the timer, but the OC2A pin will be updated as if a real compare
match had occurred (the COM2A[1:0] bits settings define whether the OC2A pin is set, cleared
or toggled).
All CPU write operations to the TCNT2 Register will block any compare match that occurs in the
next timer clock cycle, even when the timer is stopped. This feature allows OCR2A to be initial-
ized to the same value as TCNT2 without triggering an interrupt when the Timer/Counter clock is
enabled.
Since writing TCNT2 in any mode of operation will block all compare matches for one timer clock
cycle, there are risks involved when changing TCNT2 when using the Output Compare unit,
independently of whether the Timer/Counter is running or not. If the value written to TCNT2
equals the OCR2A value, the compare match will be missed, resulting in incorrect waveform
generation. Similarly, do not write the TCNT2 value equal to BOTTOM when the counter is down
counting.
bottom
FOCn
top
OCRnx
Waveform Generator
WGMn1:0
=
(8-bit Comparator )
DATA BUS
COMnx1:0
TCNTn
OCFnx (Int.Req.)
OCnx
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