PIC18F6621-I/PT Microchip Technology Inc., PIC18F6621-I/PT Datasheet - Page 140

• Manufacturer Part Number: PIC18F6621-I/PT
• Description: 64 PIN, 64 KB FLASH, 3840 RAM, 52 I/O
• Manufacturer: Microchip Technology Inc.

Specifications of PIC18F6621-I/PT

• A/d Inputs: 12-Channel, 10-Bit
• Comparators: 2
• Cpu Speed: 10 MIPS
• Eeprom Memory: 1024 Bytes
• Input Output: 54
• Interface: I2C/SPI/UART/USART
• Memory Type: Flash
• Number Of Bits: 8
• Package Type: 64-pin TQFP
• Programmable Memory: 64K Bytes
• Ram Size: 3.8K Bytes
• Speed: 40 MHz
• Timers: 2-8-bit, 3-16-bit
• Voltage, Range: 2-5.5 V
• Lead Free Status / Rohs Status: RoHS Compliant part Electrostatic Device

PIC18F6525/6621/8525/8621
12.6
Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the
one described in Section 12.2 “Timer1 Oscillator”)
gives users the option to include RTC functionality to
their applications. This is accomplished with an
inexpensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time
base and several lines of application code to calculate
the time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a
battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can
completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC
device and battery backup.
The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in
Example 12-1, demonstrates a simple method to
increment a counter at one-second intervals using an
Interrupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1
register pair to overflow, triggers the interrupt and calls
EXAMPLE 12-1:
DS39612B-page 138
RTCinit
RTCisr
Using Timer1 as a
Real-Time Clock
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BSF
RETURN
BSF
BCF
INCF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
RETURN
CLRF
INCF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
RETURN
CLRF
INCF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
RETURN
MOVLW
MOVWF
RETURN
IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE
0x80
TMR1H
TMR1L
b’00001111’
T1CON
secs
mins
.12
hours
PIE1, TMR1IE
TMR1H, 7
PIR1, TMR1IF
secs, F
.59
secs
secs
mins, F
.59
mins
mins
hours, F
.23
hours
.01
hours
; Preload TMR1 register pair
; for 1 second overflow
; Configure for external clock,
; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator
; Initialize timekeeping registers
;
; Enable Timer1 interrupt
; Preload for 1 sec overflow
; Clear interrupt flag
; Increment seconds
; 60 seconds elapsed?
; No, done
; Clear seconds
; Increment minutes
; 60 minutes elapsed?
; No, done
; clear minutes
; Increment hours
; 24 hours elapsed?
; No, done
; Reset hours to 1
; Done
the routine which increments the seconds counter by
one; additional counters for minutes and hours are
incremented as the previous counter overflow.
Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, counting up to
overflow the register directly from a 32.768 kHz clock
would take 2 seconds. To force the overflow at the
required one-second intervals, it is necessary to pre-
load it. The simplest method is to set the Most Signifi-
cant bit of TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the
TMR1L register is never preloaded or altered; doing so
may introduce cumulative error over many cycles.
For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in
Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt
must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1), as shown in the
routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be
enabled and running at all times.
 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.