ATmega88PA Automotive Atmel Corporation, ATmega88PA Automotive Datasheet - Page 100

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATmega88PA Automotive
• Manufacturer: Atmel Corporation

100
Atmel ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA [Preliminary]
In fast PWM mode, the counter is incremented until the counter value matches the TOP value.
The counter is then cleared at the following timer clock cycle. The timing diagram for the fast
PWM mode is shown in
histogram for illustrating the single-slope operation. The diagram includes non-inverted and
inverted PWM outputs. The small horizontal line marks on the TCNT0 slopes represent com-
pare matches between OCR0x and TCNT0.
Figure 15-6. Fast PWM Mode, Timing Diagram
The Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (TOV0) is set each time the counter reaches TOP. If the
interrupt is enabled, the interrupt handler routine can be used for updating the compare value.
In fast PWM mode, the compare unit allows generation of PWM waveforms on the OC0x pins.
Setting the COM0x1:0 bits to two will produce a non-inverted PWM and an inverted PWM out-
put can be generated by setting the COM0x1:0 to three: Setting the COM0A1:0 bits to one
allows the OC0A pin to toggle on Compare Matches if the WGM02 bit is set. This option is not
available for the OC0B pin (see
visible on the port pin if the data direction for the port pin is set as output. The PWM waveform
is generated by setting (or clearing) the OC0x Register at the compare match between OCR0x
and TCNT0, and clearing (or setting) the OC0x Register at the timer clock cycle the counter is
cleared (changes from TOP to BOTTOM).
The PWM frequency for the output can be calculated by the following equation:
The N variable represents the prescale factor (1, 8, 64, 256, or 1024).
The extreme values for the OCR0A Register represents special cases when generating a
PWM waveform output in the fast PWM mode. If the OCR0A is set equal to BOTTOM, the out-
put will be a narrow spike for each MAX+1 timer clock cycle. Setting the OCR0A equal to MAX
will result in a constantly high or low output (depending on the polarity of the output set by the
COM0A1:0 bits.)
f
OCnxPWM
TCNTn
OCnx
OCnx
Period
=
-------------------- -
N
f
clk_I/O
1
256
2
Figure
3
15-6. The TCNT0 value is in the timing diagram shown as a
Table 15-6 on page
4
5
105). The actual OC0x value will only be
6
7
OCRnx Interrupt Flag Set
OCRnx Update and
TOVn Interrupt Flag Set
(COMnx1:0 = 2)
(COMnx1:0 = 3)
9223B–AVR–09/11