ATmega88PA Automotive Atmel Corporation, ATmega88PA Automotive Datasheet - Page 123

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATmega88PA Automotive
• Manufacturer: Atmel Corporation

16.8.1
16.9
16.9.1
16.9.2
9223B–AVR–09/11
Modes of Operation
Compare Output Mode and Waveform Generation
Normal Mode
Clear Timer on Compare Match (CTC) Mode
The Waveform Generator uses the COM1x1:0 bits differently in normal, CTC, and PWM
modes. For all modes, setting the COM1x1:0 = 0 tells the Waveform Generator that no action
on the OC1x Register is to be performed on the next compare match. For compare output
actions in the non-PWM modes refer to
Table 16-2 on page
Table 16-3 on page
A change of the COM1x1:0 bits state will have effect at the first compare match after the bits
are written. For non-PWM modes, the action can be forced to have immediate effect by using
the FOC1x strobe bits.
The mode of operation, i.e., the behavior of the Timer/Counter and the Output Compare pins,
is defined by the combination of the Waveform Generation mode (WGM13:0) and Compare
Output mode (COM1x1:0) bits. The Compare Output mode bits do not affect the counting
sequence, while the Waveform Generation mode bits do. The COM1x1:0 bits control whether
the PWM output generated should be inverted or not (inverted or non-inverted PWM). For
non-PWM modes the COM1x1:0 bits control whether the output should be set, cleared or tog-
gle at a compare match
For detailed timing information refer to
The simplest mode of operation is the Normal mode (WGM13:0 = 0). In this mode the counting
direction is always up (incrementing), and no counter clear is performed. The counter simply
overruns when it passes its maximum 16-bit value (MAX = 0xFFFF) and then restarts from the
BOTTOM (0x0000). In normal operation the Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (TOV1) will be set in
the same timer clock cycle as the TCNT1 becomes zero. The TOV1 Flag in this case behaves
like a 17th bit, except that it is only set, not cleared. However, combined with the timer over-
flow interrupt that automatically clears the TOV1 Flag, the timer resolution can be increased by
software. There are no special cases to consider in the Normal mode, a new counter value
can be written anytime.
The Input Capture unit is easy to use in Normal mode. However, observe that the maximum
interval between the external events must not exceed the resolution of the counter. If the inter-
val between events are too long, the timer overflow interrupt or the prescaler must be used to
extend the resolution for the capture unit.
The Output Compare units can be used to generate interrupts at some given time. Using the
Output Compare to generate waveforms in Normal mode is not recommended, since this will
occupy too much of the CPU time.
In Clear Timer on Compare or CTC mode (WGM13:0 = 4 or 12), the OCR1A or ICR1 Register
are used to manipulate the counter resolution. In CTC mode the counter is cleared to zero
when the counter value (TCNT1) matches either the OCR1A (WGM13:0 = 4) or the ICR1
(WGM13:0 = 12). The OCR1A or ICR1 define the top value for the counter, hence also its res-
olution. This mode allows greater control of the compare match output frequency. It also
simplifies the operation of counting external events.
Atmel ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA [Preliminary]
133, and for phase correct and phase and frequency correct PWM refer to
134.
(See “Compare Match Output Unit” on page
“Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams” on page
Table 16-1 on page
133. For fast PWM mode refer to
122.)
131.
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